Molecular Genetics:寨卡病毒侵染发育中大脑的分子机制
最近,来自USCD的研究者们发现寨卡病毒能够从母体传播到胎儿体内。有意思的是,这种传播方式会导致胎儿大脑产生最早的抵抗寨卡病毒侵染的防御机制。相关结果发表在最近一期的《Human Molecular Genetic》杂志上。
“在大脑中,星形胶质细胞将会行使巨噬细胞的功能,进而清除病原体以及被感染的受损细胞或碎片。我们的发现表明寨卡病毒能够感染这些早期的星形胶质细胞,进一步传播到其它细胞中导致新生儿出现严重的神经系统损伤症状”,该研究的作者,来自UCSD的教授Alysson Muotri说道。
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(图片来源: UC San Diego Health)
此前研究已经发现寨卡病毒能够通过母婴传播,但这种传播的具体方式并不清楚。对此,研究者们认为星形胶质细胞或许是为病毒传播服务的“特洛伊木马”。
为了检验他们的猜测,作者利用人源诱导多能性干细胞分化出了两类相关的中枢神经系统细胞类型,分别为星形胶质细胞以及神经元前体细胞。之后,他们建立了共培养系统,用于检测两种细胞在暴露于寨卡病毒的环境下的相互作用。
作者发现,星形胶质细胞能够吞噬寨卡病毒感染的NPC,但当这些吞噬了病毒的细胞与其他未被感染的神经元前体细胞共培养时,则能够将病毒传播给后者。
作者等人检测了被FDA批准的药物Sofosbuvir是否能够限制神经元前体细胞中病毒的感染情况。结果显示,该药物能够显著抑制细胞中的病毒载量以及细胞的死亡情况。
尽管这些研究都是基于体外的研究,需要进行进一步的炎症,但作者认为这些发现表明星形胶质细胞可以作为治疗寨卡病毒感染的潜在靶点。
(生物谷 Bioon.com)
Modeling neuro-immune interactions during Zika virus infection
Pinar MesciAngela MaciaChristopher N LaRockLeon TejwaniIsabella R Fernandes Nicole A SuarezPaolo M de A ZanottoPatricia C B Beltrão-BragaVictor Nizet Alysson R Muotri
Although Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is often asymptomatic, in some cases it can lead to birth defects in newborns or serious neurologic complications in adults. However, little is known about the interplay between immune and neural cells that could contribute to the ZIKV pathology. To understand the mechanisms at play during infection and the antiviral immune response, we focused on neural precursor cells (NPC)-microglia interactions. Our data indicate that human microglia infected with the current circulating Brazilian ZIKV induces a similar pro-inflammatory response found in ZIKV-infected human tissues. Importantly, using our model, we show that microglia interact with ZIKV-infected NPCs and further spread the virus. Finally, we show that Sofosbuvir, an FDA-approved drug for Hepatitis C, blocked viral infection in NPCs and therefore the transmission of the virus from microglia to NPCs. Thus, our model provides a new tool for studying neuro-immune interactions and a platform to test new therapeutic drugs.
https://academic.oup.com/hmg/article-abstract/doi/10.1093/hmg/ddx382/4557143?redirectedFrom=fulltext
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