JCI Insight:新方法更加准确地追踪新的HIV感染
在一项新的研究中,来自美国杜克人类疫苗研究所(Duke Human Vaccine Institute)的研究人员致力于开发一种更准确的方法来测定大量人群中的HIV感染率,这将改善全世界的HIV研究和预防策略。相关研究结果于2017年12月21日在线发表在JCI Insight期刊上,论文标题为“Computational analysis of antibody dynamics identifies recent HIV-1 infection”。http://cache1.bioon.com/webeditor/uploadfile/201712/20171226185209865.png
图片来自CC0 Public Domain。
这种新方法更加准确地鉴定出新的HIV感染和长期存在的HIV感染,这是确定公共卫生措施和研究的目标和评估干预措施是否成功地降低HIV传播的一个重要的特征。
论文通信作者、杜克人类疫苗研究所研究主任、外科学教授Georgia Tomaras博士说,“近期的进展---包括有效地治疗和阻止HIV感染的抗逆转录病毒药物---已改善了HIV领域的格局。”
Tomaras说,“改进对时间较久的HIV感染和近期的HIV感染进行区分的方法是迫切需要的,这有助鉴定出最为有效的预防策略。”
Tomaras及其同事们努力开发一种测定HIV感染率的方法,这种测定将当前的HIV流行病的独特特征考虑在内,同时有效利用近期对这种病毒和人体在早期的感染阶段如何相互作用获得的新见解。
结果就是开发出一种测定方法来鉴定天然存在的抗体生物标志物的新组合。这些研究人员最终鉴定出一种大有希望的四种抗体生物标志物组合。这种新的测定方法需要更长的时间来更加准确地识别出近期的HIV感染,而且具有更少的区分错误。
Tomaras说,“具有一种更加准确的HIV感染率测试方法可能显著地降低研究人员的实验成本,这是因为他们需要更少的人群来进行登记。”
论文第一作者Kelly Seaton博士说,“此外,从公共卫生的角度来看,更加准确地测试HIV感染率的方法将有助鉴定出近期感染发生的热点地区,因此预防努力可能更好地针对于流行病发生的地方。”
来源:生物谷
Computational analysis of antibody dynamics identifies recent HIV-1 infection
Kelly E. Seaton,1 Nathan A. Vandergrift,1 Aaron W. Deal,1 Wes Rountree,1 John Bainbridge,1 Eduard Grebe,2 David A. Anderson,3 Sheetal Sawant,1 Xiaoying Shen,1 Nicole L. Yates,1 Thomas N. Denny,1 Hua-Xin Liao,1 Barton F. Haynes,1,4 Merlin L. Robb,5 Neil Parkin,6 Breno R. Santos,7 Nigel Garrett,8 Matthew A. Price,9,10 Denise Naniche,11 Ann C. Duerr,12 The CEPHIA group,13 Sheila Keating,14 Dylan Hampton,14 Shelley Facente,15 Kara Marson,15 Alex Welte,2 Christopher D. Pilcher,15 Myron S. Cohen,16 and Georgia D. Tomaras1,4,17
Accurate HIV-1 incidence estimation is critical to the success of HIV-1 prevention strategies. Current assays are limited by high false recent rates (FRRs) in certain populations and a short mean duration of recent infection (MDRI). Dynamic early HIV-1 antibody response kinetics were harnessed to identify biomarkers for improved incidence assays. We conducted retrospective analyses on circulating antibodies from known recent and longstanding infections and evaluated binding and avidity measurements of Env and non-Env antigens and multiple antibody forms (i.e., IgG, IgA, IgG3, IgG4, dIgA, and IgM) in a diverse panel of 164 HIV-1–infected participants (clades A, B, C). Discriminant function analysis identified an optimal set of measurements that were subsequently evaluated in a 324-specimen blinded biomarker validation panel. These biomarkers included clade C gp140 IgG3, transmitted/founder clade C gp140 IgG4 avidity, clade B gp140 IgG4 avidity, and gp41 immunodominant region IgG avidity. MDRI was estimated at 215 day or alternatively, 267 days. FRRs in untreated and treated subjects were 5.0% and 3.6%, respectively. Thus, computational analysis of dynamic HIV-1 antibody isotype and antigen interactions during infection enabled design of a promising HIV-1 recency assay for improved cross-sectional incidence estimation.
https://insight.jci.org/articles/view/94355
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