黄爱龙教授团队发现新冠病毒突变体降低中和抗体敏感性
随着新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)在人群中持续传播,其RNA基因组积累了多种突变,可能影响其感染性、毒力和抗原性。病毒自然感染或疫苗接种诱导机体产生的中和抗体(NAb)是保护个体免受病毒感染的关键保护因素之一。随着时间的推移,新冠肺炎(COVID-19)康复者血清中和抗体水平持续降低,15%康复者8个月后血清中和抗体水平低于检测限;不同的病毒突变体引起再感染病例也时有报道。因此,持续监测新冠病毒变体的感染性和抗原性显得尤为重要。重庆医科大学感染性疾病分子生物学教育部重点实验室黄爱龙教授团队前期建立了安全的SARS-CoV-2假病毒(pseudovirus)系统,用于评价新冠肺炎康复者中和抗体水平,监测刺突蛋白突变对病毒感染性的影响。2020年6月20日,黄爱龙团队在bioRxiv预印本报道了新冠病毒刺突蛋白(Spike)的 D614G突变可显著增强病毒感染性,并降低了其对个别恢复期血清的敏感性。近日,黄爱龙教授团队在《Cellular & Molecular Immunology》杂志上在线发表了题为“Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants reduce neutralization sensitivity to convalescent sera and monoclonal antibodies”的论文。作者利用假病毒系统评估了新冠肺炎康复者血清和单克隆抗体(mAbs)对英国N501Y.V1变异株(也称为B.1.1.7)和南非N501Y.V2变异株(也称为B.1.351)的中和效率。http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202103/05/140419bcrbtzft3fur3quh.jpg该研究发现N501Y.V1和N501Y.V2变异的刺突蛋白显著增强了病毒侵入细胞的效率,较野生型(WT,S-D614)病毒的感染性增强3至4.4倍(图1a)。提示携带这两株突变的刺突蛋白(包含D614G、N501Y等突变)增强了新冠病毒的感染性。与野生型(S-D614)病毒相比,大多数康复者血清(症状出现1个月后)中和N501Y.V1和N501Y.V2突变体的效力明显较低(图1b)。而8个月后有40%康复者血清无法中和英国N501Y.V1变异株,90%康复者血清无法中和南非N501Y.V2变异株(图1c)。此外,两种突变体对大多数测试的单抗(mAb)中和敏感性均有不同程度的降低;有两株单抗完全无法中和南非N501Y.V2变异株(图1d-e)。这些实验结果提示:N501Y.V1和N501Y.V2对某些新冠康复者恢复期血清中和抗体产生了逃逸。与此同时,多个研究团队也证实带有E484K突变的南非变异株显著降低了康复者血清抗体的中和效率。因此,需进一步监测这些康复者是否存在再次感染风险,并评估现有疫苗对突变毒株的保护效果。http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202103/05/140253lnrflacorgt17gr1.jpg
新冠病毒刺突蛋白突变对其感染性和中和抗体敏感性的的影响
a Infectivity of WT (S-D614) and variant pseudoviruses assessed in 293T-ACE2 and A549-ACE2 cells. Cells were inoculated with equivalent doses of each pseudotyped virus. WT, wild-type Spike (GenBank: QHD43416) pseudotyped virus; Variant 1, N501Y.V1 mutant Spike pseudotyped virus (containing the H60/V70 and Y144 deletions and N501Y, A570D, D614G, P681H, T716I, S982A, and D1118H mutations); Variant 2, N501Y.V2 mutant Spike pseudotyped virus (containing the K417N, E484K, N501Y, and D614G mutations). Neutralization of WT and variant pseudoviruses by convalescent sera. Pseudovirus-based neutralization assays were performed to detect neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers against SARS-CoV-2. The thresholds of detection were 1:40 of the ID50. Twenty sera (indicated by circles) were drawn 5 to 33 days post symptom onset (b); 20 sera (indicated by triangles) were drawn ~8 months post symptom onset (c). The half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for tested monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against pseudoviruses (d) and representative neutralization curves (e) 总体而言,这项研究将有助于理解新冠病毒刺突蛋白突变对其感染性和抗原性的影响。鉴于新冠病毒RNA基因组的不断突变进化的特性,抗体治疗和疫苗的开发需要进一步考虑刺突蛋白突变导致病毒抗原性改变的影响。重庆医科大学黄爱龙教授、唐霓教授和重庆医科大学附属永川医院刘北忠教授为该文的共同通讯作者。重庆医科大学胡杰博士、彭湃博士后、汪凯副研究员为该文的并列第一作者。本研究得到了重庆医科大学基础医学院免疫教研室金艾顺教授团队的大力帮助。该研究获得了重庆市科技局和重庆医科大学新型冠状病毒性肺炎紧急项目、国家“传染病”科技重大专项等资助。 主要参考文献 Peng P, Hu J, Deng H et al. Changes in the humoral immunity response in SARS-CoV-2 convalescent patients over 8 months. Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021. doi:10.1038/s41423-020-00605-4.Zhang J, Ding N, Ren L et al. COVID-19 reinfection in the presence of neutralizing antibodies. National Science Review 2021. doi:10.1093/nsr/nwab006.Hu J, Gao Q, He C et al. Development of cell-based pseudovirus entry assay to identify potential viral entry inhibitors and neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Genes & Diseases 2020; 7: 551–557. Hu J, He C L, Gao Q, et al. The D614G mutation of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein enhances viral infectivity. BioRxiv, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.20.161323 Hu Jie, Peng Pai, Wang Kai et al. Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants reduce neutralization sensitivity to convalescent sera and monoclonal antibodies. Cell Mol Immunol 2021. doi: 10.1038/s41423-021-00648-1 Wibmer CK, Ayres F, Hermanus T et al. SARS-CoV-2 501Y.V2 escapes neutralization by South African COVID-19 donor plasma. Nat Med 2021. doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01285-x Li, Q., Nie, J., Wu, J., et al. No higher infectivity but immune escape of SARS-CoV-2 501Y. V2 variants. Cell 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.042
页:
[1]