Nature Materials:TLR9激活机制
近日,中国科学技术大学金帆教授与美国加州大学洛杉矶分校教授Gerard Wong合作,研究发现了导致自身性免疫疾病中,免疫系统如何被外源或内源分子激活的统一分子机制。该研究成果在线发表在6月8日的《自然·材料》上。当人体自身的免疫系统出现紊乱,如不能正确识别、区分病原组织和健康组织时,免疫系统就会攻击人体自身从而导致疾病。例如,当健康的人受到病毒或者病原体攻击时,免疫系统会通过一种称作TLR9的受体蛋白去识别病毒或病原体的DNA,从而激活免疫反应。而对于如患有红斑狼疮和牛皮癣的患者,他们免疫系统无法正确识别、区分病毒和人体自身的DNA,从而导致人体自身免疫系统一直保持在激活状态。
研究人员利用高精度的小角同步辐射散射的方法,率先表征确定了一系列可激发免疫反应的外源或内源分子与DNA所生产复合体的空间结构,发现了激活免疫受体蛋白TLR9的分子机制,即TLR9是否被激活严格取决于外源或内源分子与DNA所生产复合体的空间结构,只有当DNA分子被外源或内源分子压缩到一特定空间距离时,免疫受体蛋白TLR9才可被激活。他们与瑞士的Michel Gilliet教授合作完成了对这一系列DNA复合体对免疫系统激活的测试,从而在实验上确定了是什么样的空间结构可令免疫系统激活,最后与剑桥大学教授Jure Dobnikar的合作,利用计算模拟的方法证明了所发现的实验规律,从而最终阐明了其分子机制。这一突破性进展将帮助人们找到新的方法去治疗这一类疾病。
来源:中国科学技术大学
Liquid-crystalline ordering of antimicrobial peptide–DNA complexes controls TLR9 activation
Nathan W. Schmidt, Fan Jin, Roberto Lande, Tine Curk, Wujing Xian, Calvin Lee, Loredana Frasca, Daan Frenkel, Jure Dobnikar, Michel Gilliet & Gerard C. L. Wong
Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) can trigger the production of type I interferon (IFN) in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) by binding to endosomal Toll-like receptor-9 (TLR9; refs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5). It is also known that the formation of DNA–antimicrobial peptide complexes can lead to autoimmune diseases via amplification of pDC activation1, 2. Here, by combining X-ray scattering, computer simulations, microscopy and measurements of pDC IFN production, we demonstrate that a broad range of antimicrobial peptides and other cationic molecules cause similar effects, and elucidate the criteria for amplification. TLR9 activation depends on both the inter-DNA spacing and the multiplicity of parallel DNA ligands in the self-assembled liquid-crystalline complex. Complexes with a grill-like arrangement of DNA at the optimum spacing can interlock with multiple TLR9 like a zipper, leading to multivalent electrostatic interactions that drastically amplify binding and thereby the immune response. Our results suggest that TLR9 activation and thus TLR9-mediated immune responses can be modulated deterministically.
http://www.nature.com/nmat/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nmat4298.html#contrib-auth 学习了。
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