cao1976 发表于 2015-7-29 10:37:36

[转移贴]Nature:A型血易感于轮状病毒,肠道细胞成“冤大头”

原贴由503814发表于 2012-4-19 16:08

轮状病毒株的易感性可能取决于你的血型。通过识别A型血抗原,多种轮状病毒株感染肠道细胞。贝勒医学院的研究人员称:“这一发现提供了关于肠道病原体感染方式的新思路。” 结果发表在《自然》Nature 期刊的报道上。

肠道致病菌

轮状病毒是肠道中一种主要的致病病毒,成为世界范围内婴幼儿严重脱水和腹泻的首要病因,据估计,全球每年50万人死于该病毒感染。

B. V. Venkataram Prasad博士是生物化学与分子生物学教授和该论文的通讯作者,他说:“该病毒株中一个关键部位的结构揭示了它们感染人体细胞的方式。”

通过结合在聚糖末端唾液酸分子,轮状病毒的突状顶端吸附在细胞上,并完成感染过程。然而同样的情况没有发生在人体中,科学家们认为轮状病毒株势必结合在聚糖内部的唾液酸分子上,尽管他们还不知道这一现象的机理。

惊喜发现

Prasad博士称:“我们想知道这种基因型的轮状病毒如何识别细胞上的聚糖,通过聚糖阵列分析,我们了解到哪一种聚糖可以与病毒突状顶端(VP8*)起作用。结果表明,与 VP8* 作用的唯一聚糖类型是A血型抗原。”

他补充道:“这一结果令人惊讶,我们原本以为该病毒的吸附过程需要一种具有唾液酸分子的聚糖参与,而A血型抗原不含有唾液酸分子。”

然而,普拉萨德的实验室博士后Liya Hu研究 VP8* 结构域时发现,在位同于唾液酸分子上,A血型抗原结合于轮状病毒的突状蛋白。血型抗原被认为促进诺罗病毒(norovirus)和幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori)与肠细胞之间结合,但是之前却没有关于轮状病毒在这方面的证据。

VP8* 结构域

通过晶体成像学研究,VP8* 结构域的微小变化可允许其结合在作为受体的血型抗原上。

研究小组发现,试验细胞经基因工程改造后表达A血型抗原,轮状病毒很容易对其感染; A血型抗原受到抗体封闭后阻碍了该病毒对人体肠道细胞的感染;缺少A血型抗原的细胞不容易被轮状病毒感染。

运输新机制

Prasad 称:“现在的问题是,不同种病毒在这一个过程中是否使用其它的血型蛋白?”

Estes 称:“这项很重要的研究提供了轮状病毒运输的新机制,该病毒能够从有蹄类(如马,斑马,猪,羊等)向人体转移。”

研究者发现,感染P 型轮状病毒的人群具有A型血,然而还需要更多研究去支撑这项关联。

Prasad说,该发现引起了人们对不同血型起源问题的思考,它很可能是一次进化改变以应对病原体起初侵入人体细胞。

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Cell attachment protein VP8* of a human rotavirus specifically interacts with A-type histo-blood group antigen

Nature (2012) doi:10.1038/nature10996
Received 21 June 2011 Accepted 29 February 2012 Published online 15 April 2012

As with many other viruses, the initial cell attachment of rotaviruses, which are the major causative agent of infantile gastroenteritis, is mediated by interactions with specific cellular glycans1, 2, 3, 4. The distally located VP8* domain of the rotavirus spike protein VP4 (ref. 5) mediates such interactions. The existing paradigm is that ‘sialidase-sensitive’ animal rotavirus strains bind to glycans with terminal sialic acid (Sia), whereas ‘sialidase-insensitive’ human rotavirus strains bind to glycans with internal Sia such as GM1 (ref. 3). Although the involvement of Sia in the animal strains is firmly supported by crystallographic studies1, 3, 6, 7, it is not yet known how VP8* of human rotaviruses interacts with Sia and whether their cell attachment necessarily involves sialoglycans. Here we show that VP8* of a human rotavirus strain specifically recognizes A-type histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) using a glycan array screen comprised of 511 glycans, and that virus infectivity in HT-29 cells is abrogated by anti-A-type antibodies as well as significantly enhanced in Chinese hamster ovary cells genetically modified to express the A-type HBGA, providing a novel paradigm for initial cell attachment of human rotavirus. HBGAs are genetically determined glycoconjugates present in mucosal secretions, epithelia and on red blood cells8, and are recognized as susceptibility and cell attachment factors for gastric pathogens like Helicobacter pylori9 and noroviruses10. Our crystallographic studies show that the A-type HBGA binds to the human rotavirus VP8* at the same location as the Sia in the VP8* of animal rotavirus, and suggest how subtle changes within the same structural framework allow for such receptor switching. These results raise the possibility that host susceptibility to specific human rotavirus strains and pathogenesis are influenced by genetically controlled expression of different HBGAs among the world’s population.

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature10996.html
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