疾病检测突破！纳米酶试纸条比传统试纸灵敏度提升百倍
2014年在西非爆发的埃博拉疫情让整个世界震惊。在当时缺乏有效治疗手段的情况下，人们迅速意识到尽早发现和隔离患者对控制疫情的重要意义。尽管RT-PCR、ELISA等技术都发挥了重要作用，但是受当地环境的限制，这些技术很难得到迅速普及。有鉴于此，《Nature》甚至还专门呼吁科学家们开发出简便、快速、经济的新检测技术。中科院生物物理所的阎锡蕴课题组基于他们发现的纳米酶（Nature Nanotechnology 2007，2012）的工作基础上，发展出了“纳米酶试纸条”新技术。该技术将传统试纸条中的胶体金替换为磁纳米酶，使试纸条的灵敏度提高了100倍，这种信号放大的机制源于两方面：其一，纳米酶探针分子具有磁性，可对样品分离富集；其二，纳米酶具有催化活性，可使底物显色，提高检测灵敏度。这项新技术不仅为埃博拉等病毒的快速检测提供了一种简便手段，还可以通过切换探针上的抗体种类，应用于肿瘤的早期诊断以及海关口岸毒素的检验检疫等现场领域。
通过与中国疾病预防控制中心高福院士、梁米芳研究员以及军事医学科学院曹务春研究员合作，阎锡蕴课题组成功将该技术应用于埃博拉、新布尼亚、流感等病毒的检测。目前这项这项成果已经发表在生物检测领域的专业期刊《Biosensors and Bioelectronics》上，并立即被评为ScienceDirect热点文章（Top 25 Hottest Articles）；ELSEVIER同时配发了专题评论，称该技术克服了传统试纸条法因灵敏度低而长期应用受限的瓶颈问题，有望成为控制埃博拉传播的利器。
英文摘要：
Biosensors and Bioelectronicsdoi:10.1016/j.bios.2015.05.025
Nanozyme-strip for rapid local diagnosis of Ebola
Ebola continues to rage in West Africa. In the absence of an approved vaccine or treatment, the priority in controlling this epidemic is to promptly identify and isolate infected individuals. To this end, a rapid, highly sensitive, and easy-to-use test for Ebola diagnosis is urgently needed. Here, by using Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) as a nanozyme probe, we developed a MNP-based immunochromatographic strip (Nanozyme-strip), which detects the glycoprotein of Ebola virus (EBOV) as low as 1 ng/mL, which is 100-fold more sensitive than the standard strip method. The sensitivity of the Nanozyme-strip for EBOV detection and diagnostic accuracy for New Bunyavirus clinical samples is comparable with ELISA, but is much faster (within 30 min) and simpler (without need of specialist facilities). The results demonstrate that the Nanozyme-strip test can rapidly and sensitively detect EBOV, providing a valuable simple screening tool for diagnosis of infection in Ebola-stricken areas.
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