ipsvirus 发表于 2015-10-30 09:45:21

mBio:科学家们开发了一种更高效价的含佐剂流感疫苗

http://www.bio360.net/attachments/2015/10/1446103079a13fe2b2b5d5b40a.jpg
近日,来自于澳大利亚的研究人员报道,他们可能已经发现了一种新的方法可以提高流感疫苗效价,该方法是通过添加一系列合成的脂肪分子,来增强机体对不同类型的流感病毒的免疫反应。
该研究小组假设,是否可以通过使用一种辅助激活多种抗体无关的免疫反应的佐剂,研制出一种更有效的交叉保护流感疫苗呢?对此,该小组的研究人员经辅助试验合成的一系列脂肪分子添加到流感疫苗当中,他们解释道,这种佐剂可以激活先天性免疫和适应性免疫反应。
先天性免疫(即是固有免疫)反应是身体防御的第一道防线,短期防御病原体,以帮助防止细胞成为感染,而适应性免疫反应是长期防御免疫细胞学习和记忆以往遇到过的病原体,并在再次接触时产生有效的目的性攻击。
据他们发表在杂志上的研究成果,他们给一组小鼠注射了低剂量的含佐剂的灭活流感疫苗,而另一组给予不含佐剂的灭活流感疫苗。三天后,将两组小鼠均暴露于疫苗中的流感病毒。
该研究小组发现,接受含佐剂疫苗的小鼠表现出更好的保护免受流感毒株感染,与那些接受了不含佐剂疫苗的小鼠相比,他们在流感病毒正常致死剂量下亦能存活下来。更重要的是,研究人员发现,接受低剂量含佐剂疫苗的小鼠体内产生了约600倍的中和抗体,同时也体积小鼠体内产生更多的T细胞清除流感病毒导致的肺部感染,这在以往接受不含佐剂疫苗的小鼠中未曾有过的现象。
所有的这些反应的结果说明了,含佐剂的流感疫苗降低了流感病毒感染细胞的能力,抑制了流感病毒的繁殖和传播能力。
35天后,研究人员再次将两组小组小鼠暴露于流感病毒。结果是接受佐剂疫苗的小鼠有显著的抗感染能力,而接受不含佐剂疫苗的小鼠表现出对其中两株流感病毒发生了感染。
此外,研究人员还发现,将两组小鼠暴露于同一个流感病毒的环境下2天,佐剂疫苗能降低流感病毒的传播能力。
研究小组相信他们的研究成果说明了很重要的一点,含佐剂的流感疫苗可以对机体产生高效的保护性,同时,也可以在一个新的流感病毒爆发之时对机体产生一定的保护作用。
来源:MedSci

ipsvirus 发表于 2015-10-30 09:46:10

Inactivated Influenza Vaccine That Provides Rapid, Innate-Immune-System-Mediated Protection and Subsequent Long-Term Adaptive Immunity

Brendon Y. Chuaa,b,c, Chinn Yi Wonga, Edin J. Mifsuda, Kathryn M. Edenborougha, Toshiki Sekiyaa, Amabel C. L. Tana, Francesca Mercuria, Steve Rockmand, Weisan Chene, Stephen J. Turnera, Peter C. Dohertya, Anne Kelsoa,f, Lorena E. Browna,b,c, David C. Jacksona,b,c

The continual threat to global health posed by influenza has led to increased efforts to improve the effectiveness of influenza vaccines for use in epidemics and pandemics. We show in this study that formulation of a low dose of inactivated detergent-split influenza vaccine with a Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) agonist-based lipopeptide adjuvant (R4Pam2Cys) provides (i) immediate, antigen-independent immunity mediated by the innate immune system and (ii) significant enhancement of antigen-dependent immunity which exhibits an increased breadth of effector function. Intranasal administration of mice with vaccine formulated with R4Pam2Cys but not vaccine alone provides protection against both homologous and serologically distinct (heterologous) viral strains within a day of administration. Vaccination in the presence of R4Pam2Cys subsequently also induces high levels of systemic IgM, IgG1, and IgG2b antibodies and pulmonary IgA antibodies that inhibit hemagglutination (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) activities of homologous but not heterologous virus. Improved primary virus nucleoprotein (NP)-specific CD8+ T cell responses are also induced by the use of R4Pam2Cys and are associated with robust recall responses to provide heterologous protection. These protective effects are demonstrated in wild-type and antibody-deficient animals but not in those depleted of CD8+ T cells. Using a contact-dependent virus transmission model, we also found that heterologous virus transmission from vaccinated mice to naive mice is significantly reduced. These results demonstrate the potential of adding a TLR2 agonist to an existing seasonal influenza vaccine to improve its utility by inducing immediate short-term nonspecific antiviral protection and also antigen-specific responses to provide homologous and heterologous immunity.

http://mbio.asm.org/content/6/6/e01024-15

ghx0123 发表于 2015-10-30 12:11:07

这可真是一项重大的发现啊,但是不是不知道临床应用中安全性怎么样?

ipsvirus 发表于 2015-10-30 12:27:51

ghx0123 发表于 2015-10-30 12:11
这可真是一项重大的发现啊,但是不是不知道临床应用中安全性怎么样?

要走向临床还要很长路要走啊
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