标题: 新冠肺炎COVID-19中和抗体动态变化 [打印本页] 作者: virus199 时间: 2020-8-24 16:18 标题: 新冠肺炎COVID-19中和抗体动态变化 1. Evaluating the Association of Clinical Characteristics With Neutralizing Antibody Levels in Patients Who Have Recovered From Mild COVID-19 in Shanghai, ChinaJAMA Intern Med.
DOI:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.4616 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/2769741
2. Longitudinal dynamics of the neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Clinical Infectious Diseases.
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1143 https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1143
3. Kinetics of viral load and antibody response in relation to COVID-19 severity.
The Journal of clinical investigation. https://www.jci.org/articles/view/138759
综上所述，当前新冠病毒感染者特异性抗体动态变化特征的研究多针对病例急性期，缺乏对抗体长期动态变化特征的认识，有必要针对不同病情严重程度的感染者和康复者开展样本量多、随访时间长的前瞻性随访，同时开展抗体检测方法和试剂的准确性和一致性评价，从而更科学、准确地认识抗体动态变化规律，更好发挥其在疾病诊断、治疗及防控中的作用。作者: virus199 时间: 2020-9-20 10:44
题目：Humoral Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 in Iceland
DOI：10.1056/NEJMoa2026116
摘要：BACKGROUND：Little is known about the nature and durability of the humoral immune response to infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).METHODS：We measured antibodies in serum samples from 30,576 persons in Iceland, using six assays (including two pan-immunoglobulin [pan-Ig] assays), and we determined that the appropriate measure of seropositivity was a positive result with both pan-Ig assays. We tested 2102 samples collected from 1237 persons up to 4 months after diagnosis by a quantitative polymerase-chain-reaction (qPCR) assay. We measured antibodies in 4222 quarantined persons who had been exposed to SARS-CoV-2 and in 23,452 persons not known to have been exposed. RESULTS：Of the 1797 persons who had recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection, 1107 of the 1215 who were tested (91.1%) were seropositive; antiviral antibody titers assayed by two pan-Ig assays increased during 2 months after diagnosis by qPCR and remained on a plateau for the remainder of the study. Of quarantined persons, 2.3% were seropositive; of those with unknown exposure, 0.3% were positive. We estimate that 0.9% of Icelanders were infected with SARS-CoV-2 and that the infection was fatal in 0.3%. We also estimate that 56% of all SARS-CoV-2 infections in Iceland had been diagnosed with qPCR, 14% had occurred in quarantined persons who had not been tested with qPCR (or who had not received a positive result, if tested), and 30% had occurred in persons outside quarantine and not tested with qPCR. CONCLUSIONS：Our results indicate that antiviral antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 did not decline within 4 months after diagnosis. We estimate that the risk of death from infection was 0.3% and that 44% of persons infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Iceland were not diagnosed by qPCR.作者: virus199 时间: 2020-9-21 08:40
目前有限的数据表明，SARS-CoV-2可诱导一定程度的免疫。到目前为止，只有一份通过病毒基因测序证实的4个月内再次感染的明确报告，以及在一项小型研究中，恒河猴似乎可免受再次感染。尽管现在还处于早期阶段，而且这种免疫可能不会持续很长时间，但这对于研制出有效疫苗的前景来说是个好消息，研制出的疫苗在理想情况下应该能产生某种免疫反应，从而保护人体免受再次感染。
根据这些结果，可以很容易推测，尽管COVID-19感染诱导的最佳保护性免疫可能依赖于记忆T细胞和源自生发中心的长寿浆细胞的产生，但单独的任何一种反应都可能在一定程度上免受严重疾病的侵害。有大量的证据表明，免疫系统的冗余性和多样性确保了在某一免疫分支受损的情况下对感染的保护水平。在无症状感染期间，即使在没有可检测到的抗体反应的情况下，也能发现强效的记忆CD8+ T细胞和CD4+ T细胞反应，这增加了科学家们对SARS CoV-2感染后产生保护性免疫的希望。然而，强效的记忆CD8+ T细胞反应可能难以通过接种疫苗来重现，而接种疫苗可能更多地依赖于强效高亲和力中和抗体的诱导。作者: virus199 时间: 2020-9-22 17:22
Patel, Manish M., et al. "Change in Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Over 60 Days Among Health Care Personnel in Nashville, Tennessee." JAMA. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2770928 作者: virus199 时间: 2020-9-23 14:42
Dynamic Changes of Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 Patients at Early Stage of Outbreak
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has spread around the world with high mortality. To diagnose promptly and accurately is the vital step to effectively control its pandemic. Dynamic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies which are important for diagnosis of infection have not been fully demonstrated. In this retrospective, single-center, observational study, we enrolled the initial 131 confirmed cases of COVID-19 at Jin-Yin-Tan Hospital who had at least one-time antibody tested during their hospitalization. The dynamic changes of IgM and IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein in 226 serum samples were detected by ELISA. The sensitivities of IgM and IgG ELISA detection were analyzed. Result showed that the sensitivity of the IgG ELISA detection (92.5%) was significantly higher than that of the IgM (70.8%) (P < 0.001). The meantimes of seroconversion for IgM and IgG were 6 days and 3 days, respectively. The IgM and IgG antibody levels peaked at around 18 days and 23 days, and then IgM fell to below the baseline level at about day 36, whereas IgG maintained at a relatively high level. In conclusion, antibodies should be detected to aid in diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. IgG could be a sensitive indicator for retrospective diagnosis and contact tracing, while IgM could be an indicator of early infection.作者: virus199 时间: 2020-10-20 16:00
Waning of SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibodies in longitudinal convalescent plasma samples within four months after symptom onset https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33001206/
作者: wwwkkk83 时间: 2020-11-26 15:21
Seow, J., Graham, C., Merrick, B. et al. Longitudinal observation and decline of neutralizing antibody responses in the three months following SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans. Nat Microbiol 5, 1598–1607 (2020).
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-020-00813-8作者: wwwkkk83 时间: 2020-12-17 17:17
Defining the features and duration of antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with disease severity and outcome
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, particularly those preventing viral spike receptor binding domain (RBD) interaction with host angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, can neutralize the virus. It is, however, unknown which features of the serological response may affect clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients. We analyzed 983 longitudinal plasma samples from 79 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and 175 SARS-CoV-2-infected outpatients and asymptomatic individuals. Within this cohort, 25 patients died of their illness. Higher ratios of IgG antibodies targeting S1 or RBD domains of spike compared to nucleocapsid antigen were seen in outpatients who had mild illness versus severely ill patients. Plasma antibody increases correlated with decreases in viral RNAemia, but antibody responses in acute illness were insufficient to predict inpatient outcomes. Pseudovirus neutralization assays and a scalable ELISA measuring antibodies blocking RBD-ACE2 interaction were well correlated with patient IgG titers to RBD. Outpatient and asymptomatic individuals’ SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, including IgG, progressively decreased during observation up to five months post-infection.作者: wwwkkk83 时间: 2021-1-7 17:27
A longitudinal study of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients reveals a high correlation between neutralizing antibodies and COVID-19 severity
Abstract
Understanding the immune responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection is critical in terms of protection against reinfection and, thus, for public health policy and vaccine development for COVID-19. In this study, using either live SARS-CoV-2 particles or retroviruses pseudotyped with the SARS-CoV-2 S viral surface protein (Spike), we studied the neutralizing antibody (nAb) response in serum samples from a cohort of 140 SARS-CoV-2 qPCR-confirmed infections, including patients with mild symptoms and also more severe forms, including those that required intensive care. We show that nAb titers correlated strongly with disease severity and with anti-spike IgG levels. Indeed, patients from intensive care units exhibited high nAb titers; conversely, patients with milder disease symptoms had heterogeneous nAb titers, and asymptomatic or exclusive outpatient-care patients had no or low nAbs. We found that nAb activity in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients displayed a relatively rapid decline after recovery compared to individuals infected with other coronaviruses. Moreover, we found an absence of cross-neutralization between endemic coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2, indicating that previous infection by human coronaviruses may not generate protective nAbs against SARS-CoV-2. Finally, we found that the D614G mutation in the spike protein, which has recently been identified as the current major variant in Europe, does not allow neutralization escape. Altogether, our results contribute to our understanding of the immune correlates of SARS-CoV-2-induced disease, and rapid evaluation of the role of the humoral response in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 is warranted.
Legros, V., Denolly, S., Vogrig, M. et al. A longitudinal study of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients reveals a high correlation between neutralizing antibodies and COVID-19 severity. Cell Mol Immunol (2021). 作者: wwwkkk83 时间: 2021-1-9 09:34
Peng, P., Hu, J., Deng, Hj. et al. Changes in the humoral immunity response in SARS-CoV-2 convalescent patients over 8 months. Cell Mol Immunol (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41423-020-00605-4
Humoral responses in naive or SARS-CoV-2 experienced individuals vaccinated with an inactivated vaccine
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41421-021-00311-z 作者: wwwkkk83 时间: 2021-7-8 14:37
RE: Why there is a second wave in India?
Prajjval Pratap Singh, Scientist,
Cytogenetics laboratory, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India-221005
Other Contributors:
Gyaneshwer Chaubey, Molecular Anthropologist
(10 April 2021)
Why there is a second wave in India?
Prajjval Pratap Singh1, Gyaneshwer Chaubey1 and BHU Serosurveillance Consortium
1 Cytogenetics laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India-221005
Dear Editor,
Buss et al. 1 have found >50% of seroprevalence among populations of Manaus. Brazil. This study has added a ray of hope to achieve herd immunity. However, we have taken a case of Indian city with >40% of seroprevalence, and shown here that the achieving herd immunity by infection is more hypothetical than real in case of SARS-CoV-2.
The recent steep rise of new cases in India have added a major concern 2. In the light of recent serosurveys in India, it was clear that many of the previous hotspots are saturated with approximately 50% of the seropositive individuals 3,4. With the recent explosion in cases, it has been seen that, most of the new hotspots are least affected, however, old hotspots do have substantial number of cases. Such rapid expansion of COVID-19 cases in India has raised an uncertainty on the existence of antibody among large number of individuals.
To investigate the key reason behind the second wave in India, we have revisited the people who have already shown seroprevalence in our previous survey 4. In addition with that, we have also included ten symptomatic individuals who have been tested with RT-PCR and their antibodies have been positive previously.
In this study, we have retested 100 people with the antibody kit CoviscreenTM from district Varanasi of India. Surprisingly, only seven individuals out of 100 showed seropositivity, suggesting that majority of individuals have lost their antibody within 3-6 months (Fig. 1). The frequency of seroprevalence significantly (p<0.0001) reduced from 0.409 (95% CI 0.362-0.457) to 0.07 (95% CI 0.035-0.068). Nevertheless, reports on other regions of world have also shown variable time estimates about the presence of antibodies after the infection 5–9.
Thus, here we explain the major reason for the second wave in India which is likely due to diminished antibody level from large number of seroprevalent population. One of the major driving component of this resurgence was due to broken wall of immunity landscape, formed during first wave of infection. However, it is less likely for a person to be critical in case of reinfection 10. This should significantly reduce the case fatality ratio in the second wave.
References
1. Buss, L. F. et al. Three-quarters attack rate of SARS-CoV-2 in the Brazilian Amazon during a largely unmitigated epidemic. Science 371, 288–292 (2021).
2. Coronavirus in India: Latest Map and Case Count. https://www.covid19india.org.
3. Murhekar, M. V. et al. SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence in India, August–September, 2020: findings from the second nationwide household serosurvey. Lancet Glob. Health 9, e257–e266 (2021).
4. Singh, P. P. et al. Estimation of real-infection and immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in Indian populations. medRxiv (2021).
5. Crawford, K. H. et al. Dynamics of neutralizing antibody titers in the months after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. J. Infect. Dis. 223, 197–205 (2021).
6. Hueston, L. et al. The antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. in Open forum infectious diseases vol. 7 ofaa387 (Oxford University Press US, 2020).
7. L’Huillier, A. G. et al. Antibody persistence in the first 6 months following SARS-CoV-2 infection among hospital workers: a prospective longitudinal study. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. (2021).
8. Pradenas, E. et al. Stable neutralizing antibody levels 6 months after mild and severe COVID-19 episodes. Med (2021).
9. Wang, K. et al. Longitudinal dynamics of the neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clin. Infect. Dis. (2020).
10. Abu-Raddad, L. J. et al. SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in a cohort of 43,000 antibody-positive individuals followed for up to 35 weeks. medRxiv (2021).