放疗联合免疫治疗技术对抗癌症的策略

icartab

Strategies for combining immunotherapy with radiation for anticancer therapy.
Abstract
Radiation therapy controls local disease but also prompts the release of tumor-associated antigens and stress-related danger signals that primes T cells to promote tumor regression at unirradiated sites known as the abscopal effect. This may be enhanced by blocking inhibitory immune signals that modulate immune activity through a variety of mechanisms. Indeed, abscopal responses have occurred in patients with lung cancer or melanoma when given anti-CTLA4 antibody and radiation. Other approaches involve expanding and reinfusing T or NK cells or engineered T cells to express receptors that target specific tumor peptides. These approaches may be useful for immune compromised patients receiving radiation. Preclinical and clinical studies are testing both immune checkpoint-based strategies and adoptive immunotherapies with radiation.
KEYWORDS:
CAR T cells; OX40; abscopal effect; immune checkpoints; immunotherapy; ipilimumab; lung cancer; melanoma; nivolumab; radiation
放疗联合免疫治疗技术对抗癌症的策略
摘要
放疗能够控制局部的疾病，但是也会导致肿瘤相关抗原的释放以及压力相关的危险信号的释放，从而使得T细胞能够增加在未辐射区域的肿瘤的消退。这可能与阻断免疫抑制信号有关系，通过各种机制调节免疫活性。事实上，这种现象已经在肺癌和黑色素瘤患者使用靶向CTLA4的抗体和放疗治疗后出现。其他途径包括扩大并体内回输NK细胞或表达特异性肿瘤多肽的T细胞。这些方法对于免疫损伤患者接受放疗是非常有效的。临床合临床前研究正在测试免疫检查点为基础的治疗策略，放疗与过继免疫治疗共同使用的治疗策略。
关键词：
CAR-T细胞，OX40，远隔效应，免疫检查点，免疫治疗，ipilimumab，肺癌，黑色素瘤，nivolumab，放疗
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