doi:10.1126/science.aab3886
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Protective efficacy of adenovirus-protein vaccines against SIV challenges in rhesus monkeys
Dan H. Barouch1,2,*, Galit Alter2, Thomas Broge2, Caitlyn Linde2, Margaret E. Ackerman3, Eric P. Brown3, Erica N. Borducchi1, Kaitlin M. Smith1, Joseph P. Nkolola1, Jinyan Liu1, Jennifer Shields1, Lily Parenteau1, James B. Whitney1, Peter Abbink1, David M. Ng’ang’a1, Michael S. Seaman1, Christy L. Lavine1, James R. Perry1, Wenjun Li4, Arnaud D. Colantonio5, Mark G. Lewis6, Bing Chen7, Holger Wenschuh8, Ulf Reimer8, Michael Piatak9,†, Jeffrey D. Lifson9, Scott A. Handley10, Herbert W. Virgin10, Marguerite Koutsoukos11, Clarisse Lorin11, Gerald Voss11, Mo Weijtens12, Maria G. Pau12, Hanneke Schuitemaker12
Preclinical studies of viral vector–based HIV-1 vaccine candidates have previously shown partial protection against neutralization-resistant virus challenges in rhesus monkeys. In this study, we evaluated the protective efficacy of adenovirus serotype 26 (Ad26) vector priming followed by purified envelope (Env) glycoprotein boosting. Rhesus monkeys primed with Ad26 vectors expressing SIVsmE543 Env, Gag, and Pol and boosted with AS01B-adjuvanted SIVmac32H Env gp140 demonstrated complete protection in 50% of vaccinated animals against a series of repeated, heterologous, intrarectal SIVmac251 challenges that infected all controls. Protective efficacy correlated with the functionality of Env-specific antibody responses. Comparable protection was also observed with a similar Ad/Env vaccine against repeated, heterologous, intrarectal SHIV-SF162P3 challenges. These data demonstrate robust protection by Ad/Env vaccines against acquisition of neutralization-resistant virus challenges in rhesus monkeys.