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沙发
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发表于 2017-7-11 18:00:12
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1.研究人员首先评估了GS-5734在连续的人肺上皮细胞株(2B4)中的抗病毒活性和细胞毒性。GS-5734 对2B4细胞中MERS-CoV复制的平均最大半抑制浓度(IC50)值为0.025微摩尔。在高达10微摩尔的浓度时则没有观察到任何可测量的细胞毒性。用1微摩尔浓度的GS-5734处理2B4细胞48小时,2B4细胞内GS-5734转化而来的药理活性物TP浓度平均可达到2.79微摩尔。结果表明在肺中低水平的TP浓度即可实现对冠状病毒复制的抑制。
2.研究人员进一步评估了GS-5734对原发性人呼吸道生皮细胞(HAE)中各种各样人畜共患冠状病毒的抗病毒活性的广度。研究人员首先评估了HAE中GS-5734对SARS-CoV和MERS-CoV的抗病毒活性,结果观察到了明显的剂量依赖效应:与对照组相比,0.1微摩尔浓度下病毒复制减少了1log10,1微摩尔浓度下病毒复制减少超过了2log10. 通过定量反转录聚合酶联反应,也观察到了胞内OFR1a和OFRN RNA表达水平的减少与GS-5734浓度存在剂量依赖效应。0.1微摩尔浓度的GS-5734处理HAE细胞,检测到了人冠状病毒NL63的复制明显减少了3log10,更高的浓度下病毒复制则完全被抑制。同样,GS-5734抑制了SARS-CoV样2b亚型冠状病毒(hku3,wiv1,和shc014)和MERS-CoV样2c亚型冠状病毒(hku5)的复制。
3.GS-5734预防性治疗可以有效减少SARS冠状病毒病的发生。皮下注射GS-5743进行预防性治疗,不管是50 mg/kg 每天一次还是 25 mg/kg 每天两次的方式,都可以在2-5天内有效改善SARS-CoV引起的体重减轻,显著减少小鼠肺中的病毒滴度(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,GS-5734预防性治疗有效减少了SARS冠状病毒诱导产生的肺病变,包括支气管炎,肺部炎性积聚渗透和肺泡内弥漫性肺泡损害等。
4.使用GS-5734进行治疗可以有效缓和症状。进一步研究发现,给已经感染SARS病毒的动物使用GS-5734治疗可大幅减少病毒引起的动物体重减轻,并显著抑制动物肺中的病毒滴度(p=0.0059),从而证明治疗性GS-5734可以在持续感染期间抑制病毒的发生和减缓疾病症状。但是如果在病毒复制和肺脏损伤达到高峰以后使用GS-5743,与对照组相比疾病的严重程度和治愈率没有改变,但是可以观察到肺脏中SARS冠状病毒滴度的显著减少(P<0.05)。
附文献摘要:
Title:Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses
Abstract:Emerging viral infections are difficult to control because heterogeneous members periodically cycle in and out of humans and zoonotic hosts, complicating the development of specific antiviral therapies and vaccines. Coronaviruses(CoVs) have a proclivity to spread rapidly into new host species causing severe disease. Severe acute respiratory syndromeCoV (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV) successively emerged, causing severe epidemic respiratory disease in immunologically naïve human populations throughout the globe. Broad-spectrum therapies capable of inhibiting CoV infections would address an immediate unmet medical need and could be invaluable in the treatment of emerging and endemic CoV infections. We show that a nucleotide prodrug, GS-5734, currently in clinical development for treatment of Ebola virus disease, can inhibit SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV replication in multiple in vitro systems, including primary human airway epithelial cell cultures with submicromolar IC50 values. GS-5734 was also effective against bat CoVs, prepandemic bat CoVs, and circulating contemporary human CoV in primary human lung cells, thus demonstrating broad-spectrum anti-CoV activity. In amousemodel of SARS-CoV pathogenesis, prophylactic and early therapeutic administration of GS-5734 significantly reduced lung viral load and improved clinical signs of disease as well as respiratory function. These data provide substantive evidence that GS-5734 may prove effective against endemic MERSCoV in the Middle East, circulating human CoV, and, possibly most importantly, emerging CoV of the future.
DOI:10.1126/scitranslmed.aal3653 |
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