Nature Medicine:菊头蝠身上发现SARS样冠状病毒

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近日，美国北卡罗莱纳大学教堂山分校的一项研究发现，有一种类似重症急性呼吸综合征（SARS）的冠状病毒，这种病毒被科学家命名为“SHC014-CoV“，可以直接从蝙蝠传至人类身上，暂时无药可治，但目前是否能在人与人之间传播尚不清楚。

11月9日，该论文在线发表在国际医学权威期刊《自然医学》(Nature Medicine)上，论文标题为《在蝙蝠中传播的冠状病毒构成的一个类SARS病毒簇可能在人类中流行》（A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence）。

北卡罗莱纳大学莱恩伯格综合癌症中心成员、流行病学系教授Ralph S Baric是该篇论文的作者之一。论文指出，Baric和他的团队是在中国菊头蝠身上发现了这种被标记为SHC014的冠状病毒，该病毒可以在蝙蝠和人类之间进行传播，一旦进入人类肺部组织，还会像SARS冠状病毒一样在人类肺细胞内进行复制，令肺部受严重感染，暂时没有药物可以控制。

中科院武汉病毒所研究员石正丽是上述论文的联名作者之一。2013年10月30日，石正丽领衔的国际研究团队成功分离到一株与SARS 病毒高度同源的SARS样冠状病毒（SARS-like CoV），为中华菊头蝠是SARS冠状病毒的自然宿主的推论提供了更为直接的证据。

据北卡罗莱纳大学教堂山分校官网报道，世界知名冠状病毒专家拉尔夫·巴里奇表示，现时科学界暂发现蝙蝠身上有5000种病毒存在，其中部分有机会成为人类病原体，人们应做好防备，他呼吁美国政府为相关病毒实验解禁。

来源：生物360

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A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence

Vineet D Menachery, Boyd L Yount Jr, Kari Debbink,         Sudhakar Agnihothram, Lisa E Gralinski, Jessica A Plante, Rachel L Graham, Trevor Scobey, Xing-Yi Ge, Eric F Donaldson, Scott H Randell, Antonio Lanzavecchia, Wayne A Marasco, Zhengli-Li Shi & Ralph S Baric

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV underscores the threat of cross-species transmission events leading to outbreaks in humans. Here we examine the disease potential of a SARS-like virus, SHC014-CoV, which is currently circulating in Chinese horseshoe bat populations1. Using the SARS-CoV reverse genetics system2, we generated and characterized a chimeric virus expressing the spike of bat coronavirus SHC014 in a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV backbone. The results indicate that group 2b viruses encoding the SHC014 spike in a wild-type backbone can efficiently use multiple orthologs of the SARS receptor human angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2), replicate efficiently in primary human airway cells and achieve in vitro titers equivalent to epidemic strains of SARS-CoV. Additionally, in vivo experiments demonstrate replication of the chimeric virus in mouse lung with notable pathogenesis. Evaluation of available SARS-based immune-therapeutic and prophylactic modalities revealed poor efficacy; both monoclonal antibody and vaccine approaches failed to neutralize and protect from infection with CoVs using the novel spike protein. On the basis of these findings, we synthetically re-derived an infectious full-length SHC014 recombinant virus and demonstrate robust viral replication both in vitro and in vivo. Our work suggests a potential risk of SARS-CoV re-emergence from viruses currently circulating in bat populations.

http://www.nature.com/nm/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nm.3985.html