2025年第二期（Vol 14, No 2）
Vol 14, No 2 (2025)Table of ContentsArticles @ Virology
Novel Function of Nucleic Acid Substances as Viral Vaccine Adjuvants to Enhance Immune Response
Anqi Ren, Yunpeng Wang
PDF23-36
Analysis of Neutralizing Antibody Titers within One Year After Treatment for 282 Category Ⅲ Rabies Exposed Patients
Jie Yang, Anna Yang, Deqin Pang, Guangming Zhang, Shengli Meng, Jing Guo
37-45
MXRA8 as a Gateway for Chikungunya Virus: From Pathogenesis, Cross-species Transmission to Novel Therapeutics
Sicheng Tian, Shouchun Cao
47-54
Novel Function of Nucleic Acid Substances as Viral Vaccine Adjuvants to Enhance Immune Response
Anqi Ren, Yunpeng Wang
Abstract
In recent years, nucleic acid-based substances have garnered significant attention in immunology as vaccine adjuvants. With a deeper understanding of the immune system, researchers have increasingly recognized the important role of nucleic acid-based substances (such as CpG oligonucleotides and polyI:C) in enhancing vaccine-induced immune responses. This article reviews the mechanisms by which nucleic acid adjuvants promote antigen presentation and T-cell activation through the stimulation of specific immune pathways, as well as the clinical applications of nucleic acid adjuvants in developing vaccines against infectious diseases. Future research on nucleic acid adjuvants should focus on aspects such as stability, safety, and exploring adjuvant combinations. Currently, no corresponding vaccine products have been approved for marketing, but some nucleic acid-adjuvanted vaccines have yet been approved for commercial use, several candidates have advanced to human clinical trials. In conclusion, research on nucleic acid-based vaccine adjuvants is rapidly progressing. Their unique immune activation mechanisms and broad clinical potential offer promising new opportunities for vaccine research and development.
Keywords
Nucleic Acid Substances; Viral Vaccine; Adjuvants; Immune Response Analysis of Neutralizing Antibody Titers within One Year After Treatment for 282 Category Ⅲ Rabies Exposed Patients
Jie Yang, Anna Yang, Deqin Pang, Guangming Zhang, Shengli Meng, Jing Guo
Abstract
The Rabies Virus (RABV), a member of the Lyssavirus genus within the Rhabdoviridae family, is a significant zoonotic pathogen that causes fatal encephalitis in mammals. Although rabies is incurable, the disease can be prevented through effective post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). This study investigates the effects of rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) or/and vaccine administration on the production of RABV neutralizing antibodies in patients following exposure to RABV. We analyzed 282 patients who experienced grade three exposures to RABV due to incidents involving dogs, cats, or other animals between January 2019 and December 2023. Patients received either RIG or vaccination, and blood samples were collected within one-year post-treatment to assess the presence of RABV neutralizing antibodies. Our findings indicated a 100% seroconversion rate among patients. The geometric mean concentration (GMC) of neutralizing antibodies varied significantly across different age groups, with children and adolescents demonstrating higher GMC compared to adults. Notably, patients who received both RIG and multiple vaccine doses exhibited elevated GMC levels compared to those receiving a single vaccine dose. Timely PEP with RIG or/and vaccination following RABV exposure is effective in inducing seroconversion. This study highlights the influence of age on the immune response and underscores the importance of optimized PEP, particularly for high-risk populations. Further research is warranted to determine the long-term protective effects of PEP and its role in rabies prevention strategies.
Keywords
Rabies Virus; Post-Exposure Prophylaxis; Rabies Immunoglobulin; Neutralizing Antibodies; Zoonotic Disease
MXRA8 as a Gateway for Chikungunya Virus: From Pathogenesis, Cross-species Transmission to Novel Therapeutics
Sicheng Tian, Shouchun Cao
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, is a growing global health concern. Human infection often manifests with high fever, rash, and debilitating pain and swelling in multiple joints. A pivotal discovery in the field was the identification of matrix remodeling-associated protein 8 (MXRA8) as a key host receptor that facilitates CHIKV cellular entry. MXRA8 is highly expressed in muscle, joint, and tendon tissues, which aligns with the viral primary target organs. MXRA8 knockout significantly inhibits viral infection, while soluble MXRA8-Fc fusion proteins or blocking antibodies can effectively prevent infection and alleviate diseases. CHIKV achieves cross-species transmission by leveraging the highly conserved nature of MXRA8 across different species. Although no specific antiviral drugs for CHIKV are currently approved, therapeutic strategies targeting MXRA8, such as decoy receptors and neutralizing antibodies, show considerable promise. When combined with mosquito control and vaccine development, these MXRA8-based approaches offer a hopeful outlook for controlling the spread of CHIKV.
Keywords
Chikungunya virus; MXRA8; Decoy receptors; Cross-species transmission
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