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1. individuals, characters, folks 替换 people , persons. 2. positive, favorable, rosy, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior 替换 good. % i, {$ _+ }0 Y. e6 J0 A! u; G! |5 E: z
3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill 替换 bad（如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换。）
% L4 D0 p f" r7 h2 D! f, [4. an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of, if not most 替换 many. 7 e V! Q/ j* C$ { m( B
5. a slice of, quiet a few 替换 some.
! _5 c% g3 z, Q, c0 @6 I" \6. harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that 替换 think。 2 B) i9 [5 o' a" k; {* ^* f5 c
7. affair, business, matter 替换 thing.
' t; J0 {, n5 I0 G; i( h8. shared 替换 common . ( M. A( E6 T* E8 P
9. reap huge fruits 替换 get many benefits.
5 s; t* `" p) k; S6 ]10. for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion. ' i" K% l4 X+ b9 Y6 j$ o8 `( \1 b4 G
11. Increasing(ly), growing 替换 more and more（注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.） - P( Q# n( o" c6 E2 g: ]6 q" ?
12. little if anything或little or nothing 替换 hardly. ' \! }+ t O- c& D5 X
13. beneficial, rewarding 替换 helpful. $ j/ Y4 n+ V6 |) S3 Q5 t& B
14. shopper, client, consumer, purchaser 替换 customer.
) ~9 I' l( r9 }6 t15. overwhelmingly, exceedingly, extremely, intensely 替换 very.
$ _+ |2 b$ F- |. {$ N- t16. hardly necessary, hardly inevitable…替换 unnecessary, avoidable. : e* |+ Y# D9 J# N
17. indispensable 替换 necessary. 1 t5 X' U) A0 X0 b& e$ _3 G; F
18. sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in. 1 t- u/ v) x: y H$ u3 b# D' G
19. capture one's attention 替换 attract one's attention.
8 E/ j6 d5 ~4 H; b: r20. facet, demension, sphere 替换 aspet.
- _5 P; Z' n& v h" B ]* c21. be indicative of, be suggestive of, be fearful of 替换 indicate,suggest, fear. 1 w! C1 p, ^: ]( R( ?2 W7 V& C
22. give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换 cause.
2 @$ n+ U( ~' d" f23. There are several reasons behind sth 替换…reasons for sth. # }6 _, R; j$ ?2 U0 N
24. desire 替换 want.
* D# d, D8 p2 p, E4 B25. pour attention into 替换 pay attention to. + Y7 c0 s t$ O' T
26. bear in mind that 替换 remember. 4 e/ h2 c3 E4 L# g* t
27. enjoy, possess 替换 have（注意process是过程的意思）。
& F" h% m- i4 H' e5 u28. interaction 替换 communication.
' R% @2 m! r7 A0 v1 w29. frown on sth 替换 be against , disagree with sth .
, k" ]8 a) Y& j4 a4 ]30. as an example 替换 for example, for instance.
4 s3 o) V" F( R u$ b' f31. next to / virtually impossible 替换 nearly / almost impossible.
{; t6 G) u# M( [9 L5 }7 @' O32. regarding / concerning 替换 about.
& w' k" o. e+ g0 c! h& W5 X33. crucial /paramount 替换 important. 9 H6 U9 D5 D7 x- e
34. 第一（in the first place/the first and foremost）；第二（there is one more point, I should touch on, that…）；第三（the last but not the least）. . K9 s# N1 M# E( }
35. assiduous 替换 hard-working. 6 u# f, X- S% B
36. arduous 替换 difficult. % u6 w' f( B/ l* w; u
37. underdeveloped / financially-challenged 替换poor（因为poor通常含有贬义）. ' t! L' I# E: w8 D' A
38. demonstrate / manifest 替换 show. ( P: o4 x2 X e) e: r6 x2 Z
39. invariably 替换 always.
, R" i( a) v7 p A `5 [40. perilous / hazardous替换 dangerous.
) @3 i, q: R* x- u# s( P" z( _41. formidable 替换 difficult. # t+ g- R O! T
42. quintessential 替换 typical（举例时常用，例如：a quintessential example should be cited that=for example; for instance）. : A+ y/ F* @' j R# A
43. distinguished 替换 famous. # b. H% v* L" f2 a, @9 n
44. feasible 替换 possible.
6 j# R1 A, g& G& s% [% J. t9 ~. ?4 ]45. consequently, accordingly替换 so.
; _9 x% h7 R& E$ C4 v" J) a+ g46. 通常，由数据推断出一定的结论，用Results indicate, infer, suggest, imply that…… + q( ]& k. t0 U! M& D- _
47. 最常见的引述别人观点的词汇 Much of the research in sexual selection in the last two decades has examined how a female’s preference that does not influence her immediate reproductive success can still evolve if it is genetically correlated with another character under direct selection.(不要每次写到研究时总用study，可以用些其它的词汇，比如examine，work。)
" v0 z7 J& R+ b8 \* D0 O9 T: tTwo hypotheses for female preference evolution—runaway sexual selection and good genes selection—state that preferences evolve indirectly because they are genetically correlated with male traits that are under direct selection; that is, the preferences themselves are not under direct selection.(在引述别人的观点时，如果不能完全同意，使用state 比show更加中立些。) 0 V) y P4 ?9 Z2 ?" U
Studies of receiver biases suggest that such analogies might not be broadly applicable.(suggest,又一种较为客观的引述观点的表达方法。) 9 @" Y O' E( X- p$ x
Burley argued that the preference for red beaks is adaptive because it indicates male health, and this preference is then transferred to leg-band color.(argue,引用别人观点的又一表述。)
8 B) g/ e c+ kAccording to the anti-monotony hypothesis, habituation plays an important role in the evolution of complex vocalizations in songbirds: Increased song complexity reduces habituation of neighboring males and courting females.(根据…)
' I! `' _9 B! D, y; r, bPrevious studies of acoustic and bioluminescent interactions had emphasized potential advantages to group-signaling organization, such as minimizing predation, preserving species-specific signal characters, or increasing the attractiveness of the group.(带有小小的强调)
8 h* z* p* P0 y3 t& ?) }) G0 a48.常见的连接词有，However, also, in addition, consequently, afterwards, moreover, Furthermore, further, although, unlike, in contrast, Similarly, Unfortunately, alternatively, parallel results, In order to, despite, For example, Compared with, other results, thus, therefore……用好连接词能使文章层次清楚，意思明确。比如，叙述有时间顺序的事件或文献，最早的文献可用AA advocated it for the first time.接下来可用Then BB further demonstrated that. 再接下来，可用Afterwards, CC……如果还有，可用More recent studies by DD…… 9 R, V& P8 ~7 J( A# |8 A
来源：丁香园 & S# W" J% Q! e3 f( `
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发表于 2015-4-30 10:43:59
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