1. individuals, characters, folks 替换 people , persons. 2. positive, favorable, rosy, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior 替换 good. . `+ G* |( C$ o, U6 V
3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill 替换 bad(如果bad做表语,可以有be less impressive替换。) 6 f6 _4 a$ ?' z1 Q! h- H' l* H
4. an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of, if not most 替换 many.
) i" g! t$ ^: ?& `8 ~/ P$ E5. a slice of, quiet a few 替换 some. : |! F! Y- w9 [. \# w6 p9 r
6. harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that 替换 think。 / k3 c& U6 `+ T- F4 p7 B2 e! ]# y
7. affair, business, matter 替换 thing.
x$ r' ~* }9 N3 n3 }5 u8. shared 替换 common .
5 h6 ~, t8 c5 ]: h9. reap huge fruits 替换 get many benefits. $ U* P3 } C: e, D, F8 D
10. for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion. - J c. A; C8 g( Q; N0 Y
11. Increasing(ly), growing 替换 more and more(注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing修饰形容词,副词用increasingly.) 4 A* x" y' l/ ]: b' A; ^
12. little if anything或little or nothing 替换 hardly. ' `$ |1 m4 r ?9 `$ ?
13. beneficial, rewarding 替换 helpful. 0 m, o' d: W' I# `5 C
14. shopper, client, consumer, purchaser 替换 customer. # q- w. O, y6 ~; G! e
15. overwhelmingly, exceedingly, extremely, intensely 替换 very.
9 G. N7 w0 m, A- M, D16. hardly necessary, hardly inevitable…替换 unnecessary, avoidable.
% ?4 g" J# U2 O7 k8 U17. indispensable 替换 necessary.
( Y/ W4 C9 n8 U, I1 ^) _18. sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in. 9 u1 Y v1 q* G2 P
19. capture one's attention 替换 attract one's attention.
3 s, q8 C! H, l1 `, {$ n20. facet, demension, sphere 替换 aspet.
/ _: P6 y1 @5 _; U) q/ K21. be indicative of, be suggestive of, be fearful of 替换 indicate,suggest, fear. * L+ W4 K8 ^3 ]$ ^
22. give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换 cause.
A9 a5 P% H" K. z6 n2 n' ]3 s23. There are several reasons behind sth 替换…reasons for sth. ; |! X! Y. L1 }
24. desire 替换 want.
# G6 K0 X: q7 j* q" W25. pour attention into 替换 pay attention to.
9 F s- v H0 a5 }5 S8 m26. bear in mind that 替换 remember. 7 y4 l' s/ v) Z+ c
27. enjoy, possess 替换 have(注意process是过程的意思)。
" l2 f" V. H; Z2 v7 v1 I+ r5 v28. interaction 替换 communication. 2 x, ]4 L5 l: d' m' A
29. frown on sth 替换 be against , disagree with sth .
# @8 k5 d& J7 |5 @! y7 A3 d! a% L30. as an example 替换 for example, for instance.
% R+ f" D9 r) F+ y31. next to / virtually impossible 替换 nearly / almost impossible.
& G# E9 k4 c3 A2 v- F# `/ z3 ?9 F32. regarding / concerning 替换 about.
+ V% Q% L8 J) U$ B' }4 o t33. crucial /paramount 替换 important. : R7 D6 X- Y) P: W, U4 `& O ?
34. 第一(in the first place/the first and foremost);第二(there is one more point, I should touch on, that…);第三(the last but not the least). , T8 [. L4 C1 n- b; v! ~2 k0 O
35. assiduous 替换 hard-working.
' j- ?0 J3 ]( x) ?; w( K36. arduous 替换 difficult.
" X* H: Q! X& B8 ]2 x37. underdeveloped / financially-challenged 替换poor(因为poor通常含有贬义).
* }" P# b. s( _4 t38. demonstrate / manifest 替换 show. 5 _0 ~$ Q& ?! x$ Q. e
39. invariably 替换 always.
6 [4 U. y& T* |9 X40. perilous / hazardous替换 dangerous.
/ K9 ?4 x* @2 [: j41. formidable 替换 difficult.
' W% v) J; x2 Z# ?; P. v& W6 {, @( c42. quintessential 替换 typical(举例时常用,例如:a quintessential example should be cited that=for example; for instance).
. j4 Q& `( y) ~+ A1 I43. distinguished 替换 famous.
$ M0 {7 ^1 M+ t/ u44. feasible 替换 possible. ; E, P! {' m9 Q% m) _
45. consequently, accordingly替换 so. 7 X" v+ R5 a( c1 [# o2 u' r
46. 通常,由数据推断出一定的结论,用Results indicate, infer, suggest, imply that…… % U5 E1 P L; ~; @4 }- k* i5 W
47. 最常见的引述别人观点的词汇 Much of the research in sexual selection in the last two decades has examined how a female’s preference that does not influence her immediate reproductive success can still evolve if it is genetically correlated with another character under direct selection.(不要每次写到研究时总用study,可以用些其它的词汇,比如examine,work。)
1 @# W# n9 L/ U0 @Two hypotheses for female preference evolution—runaway sexual selection and good genes selection—state that preferences evolve indirectly because they are genetically correlated with male traits that are under direct selection; that is, the preferences themselves are not under direct selection.(在引述别人的观点时,如果不能完全同意,使用state 比show更加中立些。)
$ j8 Q- y# o: a$ X7 xStudies of receiver biases suggest that such analogies might not be broadly applicable.(suggest,又一种较为客观的引述观点的表达方法。) U7 V6 r) J$ I
Burley argued that the preference for red beaks is adaptive because it indicates male health, and this preference is then transferred to leg-band color.(argue,引用别人观点的又一表述。)
" \2 E$ P1 E) o( `8 Y* k4 MAccording to the anti-monotony hypothesis, habituation plays an important role in the evolution of complex vocalizations in songbirds: Increased song complexity reduces habituation of neighboring males and courting females.(根据…)
- F8 l/ ]% x/ x- h" K! L' r1 }Previous studies of acoustic and bioluminescent interactions had emphasized potential advantages to group-signaling organization, such as minimizing predation, preserving species-specific signal characters, or increasing the attractiveness of the group.(带有小小的强调) . W0 x& R! F5 S( v
48.常见的连接词有,However, also, in addition, consequently, afterwards, moreover, Furthermore, further, although, unlike, in contrast, Similarly, Unfortunately, alternatively, parallel results, In order to, despite, For example, Compared with, other results, thus, therefore……用好连接词能使文章层次清楚,意思明确。比如,叙述有时间顺序的事件或文献,最早的文献可用AA advocated it for the first time.接下来可用Then BB further demonstrated that. 再接下来,可用Afterwards, CC……如果还有,可用More recent studies by DD…… + O) {# S' Y7 _- _/ }
来源:丁香园
- t8 C0 ?3 y& C |