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1. individuals, characters, folks 替换 people , persons. 2. positive, favorable, rosy, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior 替换 good. 8 X# Z1 A" D9 p
3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill 替换 bad（如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换。） + R h5 o1 j7 S, w5 `2 @( _! `' m
4. an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of, if not most 替换 many. ; P$ |) D1 s5 f: H
5. a slice of, quiet a few 替换 some.
4 d( @6 l8 J/ G& N6. harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that 替换 think。
; W$ f: n6 `1 r% j, \+ c7. affair, business, matter 替换 thing.
( F: ` p3 e/ U) W' J8. shared 替换 common . ; V2 d6 } _7 `1 l: U6 r
9. reap huge fruits 替换 get many benefits.
: E6 Z8 a4 {5 d. O4 ? i% c9 m# f10. for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion. ) n# B7 t% m, J
11. Increasing(ly), growing 替换 more and more（注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.） 3 j d# s" {: _+ ^5 V/ C3 i
12. little if anything或little or nothing 替换 hardly.
! \$ o: B: c2 ^& [+ _4 }13. beneficial, rewarding 替换 helpful. 5 G3 g3 {) ]8 m q+ R
14. shopper, client, consumer, purchaser 替换 customer.
3 D0 z6 c3 V9 k3 y7 f* ^15. overwhelmingly, exceedingly, extremely, intensely 替换 very. 1 }, g( ?8 l, {& R: I9 [1 n7 J6 G
16. hardly necessary, hardly inevitable…替换 unnecessary, avoidable.
. ]& F1 K: V7 G5 R8 c8 U17. indispensable 替换 necessary.
" X' i" G& M$ u I/ ]18. sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in.
/ Y* y, O* W7 z5 C# c8 F19. capture one's attention 替换 attract one's attention. 3 }% y3 z1 p5 ^1 A. y
20. facet, demension, sphere 替换 aspet.
: P: Z0 G$ M- U3 N+ {+ L% l21. be indicative of, be suggestive of, be fearful of 替换 indicate,suggest, fear.
% J0 _7 W4 W. B3 B' `- G/ \" F22. give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换 cause.
4 B& J) ?. t# j: H% q23. There are several reasons behind sth 替换…reasons for sth.
: K, K. |) q* j7 O) q2 o- q24. desire 替换 want. u6 H& _9 H% j4 K
25. pour attention into 替换 pay attention to. * {9 z4 ^7 g$ E! J! t' P U
26. bear in mind that 替换 remember. 5 m! d& T$ K& C; ~
27. enjoy, possess 替换 have（注意process是过程的意思）。 ! W( H- v: S* v0 J3 v: ^: m1 K! Y
28. interaction 替换 communication.
1 m" |. q# {3 [ k0 r29. frown on sth 替换 be against , disagree with sth . $ X# L1 L9 k# h: g3 N* i5 n T
30. as an example 替换 for example, for instance. , h+ ^, Q8 D6 L
31. next to / virtually impossible 替换 nearly / almost impossible. & V, u% Z$ d9 A) X7 H# `0 C! |
32. regarding / concerning 替换 about. 8 T* |. M7 @$ |2 `7 W6 d
33. crucial /paramount 替换 important. ; R: L4 J/ \8 p' h& Q! y- n6 m
34. 第一（in the first place/the first and foremost）；第二（there is one more point, I should touch on, that…）；第三（the last but not the least）.
i- E; T/ Y/ s2 N# Q- m0 i" r35. assiduous 替换 hard-working. ) q8 z# O# h- G: z( a. n
36. arduous 替换 difficult.
, v$ {. u3 B; _" H) h Q37. underdeveloped / financially-challenged 替换poor（因为poor通常含有贬义）.
; w5 P* B6 w4 w38. demonstrate / manifest 替换 show.
$ v- @8 A% s; n9 j* L39. invariably 替换 always.
/ f' n: m4 \& c0 T0 j, U40. perilous / hazardous替换 dangerous. 7 u. d/ ^( j p8 p7 J
41. formidable 替换 difficult.
7 H8 F ~& \7 ~& Y42. quintessential 替换 typical（举例时常用，例如：a quintessential example should be cited that=for example; for instance）. 4 {- I" g) q2 r# r, R
43. distinguished 替换 famous.
3 i1 ^' k+ p, w7 q' Q0 E$ h% {44. feasible 替换 possible. 2 ]- H" E* y* F$ R5 s+ N
45. consequently, accordingly替换 so.
0 v+ M3 Y8 V: x. u6 K v46. 通常，由数据推断出一定的结论，用Results indicate, infer, suggest, imply that…… 8 F2 k% L- A& T; ^6 d9 g2 p
47. 最常见的引述别人观点的词汇 Much of the research in sexual selection in the last two decades has examined how a female’s preference that does not influence her immediate reproductive success can still evolve if it is genetically correlated with another character under direct selection.(不要每次写到研究时总用study，可以用些其它的词汇，比如examine，work。) - R+ t8 i0 l# M! B5 L9 x
Two hypotheses for female preference evolution—runaway sexual selection and good genes selection—state that preferences evolve indirectly because they are genetically correlated with male traits that are under direct selection; that is, the preferences themselves are not under direct selection.(在引述别人的观点时，如果不能完全同意，使用state 比show更加中立些。)
' d% r$ J) |& c3 o+ o$ CStudies of receiver biases suggest that such analogies might not be broadly applicable.(suggest,又一种较为客观的引述观点的表达方法。)
/ w4 s u( K1 UBurley argued that the preference for red beaks is adaptive because it indicates male health, and this preference is then transferred to leg-band color.(argue,引用别人观点的又一表述。) ! s& g- [0 Y2 p" Z6 J/ b
According to the anti-monotony hypothesis, habituation plays an important role in the evolution of complex vocalizations in songbirds: Increased song complexity reduces habituation of neighboring males and courting females.(根据…)
0 Y% e% N- S5 q1 ~6 k, VPrevious studies of acoustic and bioluminescent interactions had emphasized potential advantages to group-signaling organization, such as minimizing predation, preserving species-specific signal characters, or increasing the attractiveness of the group.(带有小小的强调) & `. |5 ?4 {8 ~+ M* B; o
48.常见的连接词有，However, also, in addition, consequently, afterwards, moreover, Furthermore, further, although, unlike, in contrast, Similarly, Unfortunately, alternatively, parallel results, In order to, despite, For example, Compared with, other results, thus, therefore……用好连接词能使文章层次清楚，意思明确。比如，叙述有时间顺序的事件或文献，最早的文献可用AA advocated it for the first time.接下来可用Then BB further demonstrated that. 再接下来，可用Afterwards, CC……如果还有，可用More recent studies by DD……
2 J1 [8 q) P: F! A: H$ T来源：丁香园 $ t0 l# w% B/ }
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发表于 2015-4-30 10:43:59
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