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1. individuals, characters, folks 替换 people , persons. 2. positive, favorable, rosy, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior 替换 good.
% F+ y! i7 \$ Q. N; s' {3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill 替换 bad（如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换。） * W9 }, L/ _. ~6 f, O+ Y) b& u
4. an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of, if not most 替换 many. 2 t: z6 \# @ _- b9 l1 c9 J7 h
5. a slice of, quiet a few 替换 some. 1 f8 C' _& W, ^7 W4 Y+ f
6. harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that 替换 think。
" b: H. T( n0 }8 h. x/ m9 o2 N% N7. affair, business, matter 替换 thing. 3 ~) L- Y* T7 h" }
8. shared 替换 common .
: E$ U/ ^$ T3 w4 R9. reap huge fruits 替换 get many benefits.
7 B4 v0 `) [3 |/ r10. for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion.
7 k: l' v, n7 \; F1 n; D11. Increasing(ly), growing 替换 more and more（注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.）
, b7 p& ?% F% K" x3 q" }. }5 E$ P* B12. little if anything或little or nothing 替换 hardly. : D0 n) C& x% P# P
13. beneficial, rewarding 替换 helpful.
- Z/ s+ ^ S+ F- ]14. shopper, client, consumer, purchaser 替换 customer.
8 F: c8 @; j2 K! R0 D6 ~15. overwhelmingly, exceedingly, extremely, intensely 替换 very. Z% s& t8 Q( r% w- N0 C1 o
16. hardly necessary, hardly inevitable…替换 unnecessary, avoidable.
4 `* x5 i; P5 h17. indispensable 替换 necessary.
, F- y+ k, t7 l* T- B18. sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in. w- E7 U: m/ ] L/ w2 [1 Y
19. capture one's attention 替换 attract one's attention.
8 I0 v# |+ ]. f0 F! o20. facet, demension, sphere 替换 aspet.
# x+ \+ `5 o$ s) L& C; n) I4 n21. be indicative of, be suggestive of, be fearful of 替换 indicate,suggest, fear. 5 P$ ], h, D. }7 G; G2 Y
22. give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换 cause.
' q3 P0 k( _; P23. There are several reasons behind sth 替换…reasons for sth.
9 I. g, q2 X% Q- ]4 N) E. Q24. desire 替换 want.
! ]: p# T+ J2 `# N" V( E4 L25. pour attention into 替换 pay attention to. - Y' D1 i; w2 x: X1 }$ Q9 ]8 A
26. bear in mind that 替换 remember. 9 h' _$ l: k, }8 a- W# \
27. enjoy, possess 替换 have（注意process是过程的意思）。 / Y, _; g- x. z3 i. p3 M. Y* B
28. interaction 替换 communication.
5 p7 G) R/ {0 j' F' B' ?& r1 l) ?29. frown on sth 替换 be against , disagree with sth . $ \2 ^( B) }. s/ W
30. as an example 替换 for example, for instance. % i* F* {$ a1 a( G" J3 ~
31. next to / virtually impossible 替换 nearly / almost impossible. ' D. J) X/ ] D. {5 k: ~$ y9 e4 {! H
32. regarding / concerning 替换 about.
# v$ e3 F; o4 I6 W33. crucial /paramount 替换 important.
% p7 M( S% G7 H' g9 V9 v: t34. 第一（in the first place/the first and foremost）；第二（there is one more point, I should touch on, that…）；第三（the last but not the least）.
4 v$ |) V6 G8 F j" S, l: ?35. assiduous 替换 hard-working.
1 L+ x+ t/ |; K$ v36. arduous 替换 difficult.
, O' @ m2 P7 I# F+ K8 |- F% a+ x37. underdeveloped / financially-challenged 替换poor（因为poor通常含有贬义）. ; l# W5 P6 C% L" G
38. demonstrate / manifest 替换 show. 7 v' n( t$ w5 I7 g0 Y
39. invariably 替换 always.
, u% {1 H: X# F) t9 y( s40. perilous / hazardous替换 dangerous.
9 y8 R- A* [, F, P% k41. formidable 替换 difficult.
* W3 D! U/ V6 P! q6 E3 n42. quintessential 替换 typical（举例时常用，例如：a quintessential example should be cited that=for example; for instance）.
0 K4 N. C% a. E, L5 @" g. }6 v: k43. distinguished 替换 famous.
- u( J; \0 H" }: R! D! Z44. feasible 替换 possible. : l' f+ ^8 k& o" j* U$ N# I9 _8 u- H
45. consequently, accordingly替换 so.
4 t2 ^- o- p( r% }7 {46. 通常，由数据推断出一定的结论，用Results indicate, infer, suggest, imply that…… / K; [4 x4 _8 U
47. 最常见的引述别人观点的词汇 Much of the research in sexual selection in the last two decades has examined how a female’s preference that does not influence her immediate reproductive success can still evolve if it is genetically correlated with another character under direct selection.(不要每次写到研究时总用study，可以用些其它的词汇，比如examine，work。) + y Q1 `0 n% G7 i
Two hypotheses for female preference evolution—runaway sexual selection and good genes selection—state that preferences evolve indirectly because they are genetically correlated with male traits that are under direct selection; that is, the preferences themselves are not under direct selection.(在引述别人的观点时，如果不能完全同意，使用state 比show更加中立些。)
( T" o8 B+ b! f4 G0 pStudies of receiver biases suggest that such analogies might not be broadly applicable.(suggest,又一种较为客观的引述观点的表达方法。)
, ^( n& B9 n* x" a4 `2 _$ ZBurley argued that the preference for red beaks is adaptive because it indicates male health, and this preference is then transferred to leg-band color.(argue,引用别人观点的又一表述。) ; T# M* S0 n& E% W, w; V G1 D
According to the anti-monotony hypothesis, habituation plays an important role in the evolution of complex vocalizations in songbirds: Increased song complexity reduces habituation of neighboring males and courting females.(根据…) / A! H0 |1 {5 z% m: {+ S
Previous studies of acoustic and bioluminescent interactions had emphasized potential advantages to group-signaling organization, such as minimizing predation, preserving species-specific signal characters, or increasing the attractiveness of the group.(带有小小的强调)
3 Q( Q; y" K% ~3 w48.常见的连接词有，However, also, in addition, consequently, afterwards, moreover, Furthermore, further, although, unlike, in contrast, Similarly, Unfortunately, alternatively, parallel results, In order to, despite, For example, Compared with, other results, thus, therefore……用好连接词能使文章层次清楚，意思明确。比如，叙述有时间顺序的事件或文献，最早的文献可用AA advocated it for the first time.接下来可用Then BB further demonstrated that. 再接下来，可用Afterwards, CC……如果还有，可用More recent studies by DD…… . S2 i: _' K- S
来源：丁香园 . L) G2 |; O( F" x1 @. L$ o
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发表于 2015-4-30 10:43:59
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