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1. individuals, characters, folks 替换 people , persons. 2. positive, favorable, rosy, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior 替换 good.
' M" `5 I; k. o# C( }- V0 g9 U3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill 替换 bad（如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换。） 2 L- }2 @; v# o" ^* u" s
4. an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of, if not most 替换 many. ! Y$ L# A8 |: G6 M6 c8 @
5. a slice of, quiet a few 替换 some. ! f* {7 v3 ]# V5 k, c& F% W
6. harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that 替换 think。
! l+ u8 P2 D8 F( m7. affair, business, matter 替换 thing. ' {) x T Q5 c5 @2 w
8. shared 替换 common . 9 C& [% f0 Y( Z, @5 S1 H* E
9. reap huge fruits 替换 get many benefits.
4 c u5 }, t- v& q8 m10. for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion. # ^. M' Y% p- u, ?
11. Increasing(ly), growing 替换 more and more（注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.） 6 \ P) G1 K' S2 d' E- U$ k# F8 Y
12. little if anything或little or nothing 替换 hardly.
$ ^( m* g0 q8 n13. beneficial, rewarding 替换 helpful.
0 ~8 e: b7 C3 e2 y) R! A& C14. shopper, client, consumer, purchaser 替换 customer.
% b9 e- Q) r! @15. overwhelmingly, exceedingly, extremely, intensely 替换 very.
p/ e/ K/ S2 S, g* O2 z+ x) [16. hardly necessary, hardly inevitable…替换 unnecessary, avoidable. , \, o0 Q2 U4 ^; ~% A# X4 \
17. indispensable 替换 necessary. ! C) _" I. P* C' j6 N
18. sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in. . i' [ `$ e- ?0 O
19. capture one's attention 替换 attract one's attention. / x6 l. Z1 `. B2 L5 {. M! ^' y
20. facet, demension, sphere 替换 aspet. % @1 G' h! i: C, V! k3 t
21. be indicative of, be suggestive of, be fearful of 替换 indicate,suggest, fear. 1 a& Y, x+ v$ b3 g7 X. {, o& \+ C2 \
22. give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换 cause. ; \+ J' w; v& ^! u5 I- a# s: I4 D
23. There are several reasons behind sth 替换…reasons for sth.
; T# o B# C `/ G0 s- X24. desire 替换 want. 3 }$ |1 b& d$ D1 [: f6 c: E
25. pour attention into 替换 pay attention to. ; P. d2 M2 O6 h% L' d
26. bear in mind that 替换 remember. : D' Q- M. A0 x( a+ k, G7 s
27. enjoy, possess 替换 have（注意process是过程的意思）。 8 o& T) t9 x6 d2 P# F4 r) M! X
28. interaction 替换 communication.
8 [) H+ P- N5 [ b3 W6 H1 N29. frown on sth 替换 be against , disagree with sth . k& O% _- [/ X4 K* j$ B' g' O% G
30. as an example 替换 for example, for instance.
6 k7 e, z& H( }) H31. next to / virtually impossible 替换 nearly / almost impossible. * O2 G: L: L* m
32. regarding / concerning 替换 about.
. V( V3 f% J2 `; }6 R$ D4 d: f2 R33. crucial /paramount 替换 important.
# A& y7 `" D' E2 G34. 第一（in the first place/the first and foremost）；第二（there is one more point, I should touch on, that…）；第三（the last but not the least）. Y: v+ o4 O: P4 t, t+ r y
35. assiduous 替换 hard-working.
7 u2 |6 d' U) r4 c2 p" q# e( P36. arduous 替换 difficult. $ o% c2 L4 E# Y% L4 \' B2 b$ O$ i
37. underdeveloped / financially-challenged 替换poor（因为poor通常含有贬义）. $ K$ a7 X# x8 P9 f
38. demonstrate / manifest 替换 show. 9 W/ A9 ?9 G$ n) C) ?9 c
39. invariably 替换 always.
' l/ a* |. Z5 A+ M* `40. perilous / hazardous替换 dangerous.
6 T3 [1 z3 Q$ E$ M41. formidable 替换 difficult. J4 X' m: M2 _+ B, f
42. quintessential 替换 typical（举例时常用，例如：a quintessential example should be cited that=for example; for instance）.
2 V N% Z: C b43. distinguished 替换 famous.
6 u4 d/ j7 C/ i. g( e44. feasible 替换 possible. : Q; N, q0 u. Z6 z6 B- l
45. consequently, accordingly替换 so.
2 H1 r* V( k7 H1 q! ^% R- D46. 通常，由数据推断出一定的结论，用Results indicate, infer, suggest, imply that……
9 X0 s( i3 b [; u2 D" b47. 最常见的引述别人观点的词汇 Much of the research in sexual selection in the last two decades has examined how a female’s preference that does not influence her immediate reproductive success can still evolve if it is genetically correlated with another character under direct selection.(不要每次写到研究时总用study，可以用些其它的词汇，比如examine，work。)
3 k/ M; R+ G. lTwo hypotheses for female preference evolution—runaway sexual selection and good genes selection—state that preferences evolve indirectly because they are genetically correlated with male traits that are under direct selection; that is, the preferences themselves are not under direct selection.(在引述别人的观点时，如果不能完全同意，使用state 比show更加中立些。)
; P8 W9 f" Y8 MStudies of receiver biases suggest that such analogies might not be broadly applicable.(suggest,又一种较为客观的引述观点的表达方法。)
i5 W& X' a7 n; bBurley argued that the preference for red beaks is adaptive because it indicates male health, and this preference is then transferred to leg-band color.(argue,引用别人观点的又一表述。)
! Y4 p0 F5 l4 a i2 @/ T: ~According to the anti-monotony hypothesis, habituation plays an important role in the evolution of complex vocalizations in songbirds: Increased song complexity reduces habituation of neighboring males and courting females.(根据…)
: l- O/ m' X6 c/ O, U" cPrevious studies of acoustic and bioluminescent interactions had emphasized potential advantages to group-signaling organization, such as minimizing predation, preserving species-specific signal characters, or increasing the attractiveness of the group.(带有小小的强调) ' H6 W. {& y& Y4 |# o
48.常见的连接词有，However, also, in addition, consequently, afterwards, moreover, Furthermore, further, although, unlike, in contrast, Similarly, Unfortunately, alternatively, parallel results, In order to, despite, For example, Compared with, other results, thus, therefore……用好连接词能使文章层次清楚，意思明确。比如，叙述有时间顺序的事件或文献，最早的文献可用AA advocated it for the first time.接下来可用Then BB further demonstrated that. 再接下来，可用Afterwards, CC……如果还有，可用More recent studies by DD……
+ [/ d8 P5 y3 ]0 N" r& H( G来源：丁香园
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发表于 2015-4-30 10:43:59
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