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原贴由病毒啊发表于 2010-6-8 18:11
Drug Delivery Research Advances
Boris O. Mashkevich
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
Number Of Pages: 259
Publication Date: 2008-01
Drug delivery is a term that refers to the delivery of a pharmaceutical compound to humans or animals. Most common methods of delivery include the preferred non-invasive oral (through the mouth), nasal, pneumonial (inhalation), and rectal routes. Many medications, however, can not be delivered using these routes because they might be susceptible to degradation or are not incorporated efficiently. For this reason many protein and peptide drugs have to be delivered by injection. For example, many immunizations are based on the delivery of protein drugs and are often done by injection.
Current efforts in the area of drug delivery include the development of targeted delivery in which the drug is only active in the target area of the body (for example, in cancerous tissues) and sustained release formulations in which the drug is released over a period of time in a controlled manner from a formulation.
This new book focuses on worldwide research on drug delivery and targeting at the molecular, cellular, and higher levels.
Contents:
DRUG DELIVERY RESEARCH ADVANCES
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
CONTENTS
PREFACE
Chapter 1
ADVANCEMENTS IN OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY
ABSTRACT
1. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
2. CHALLENGES TO OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY
2.1. Anterior Segment Delivery Challenges
2.2. Posterior Segment Drug Delivery Challenges
3. ROUTES OF OCULAR DRUG ADMINISTRATION
Table 1. Comparision of various routes of ocular drug administration
4. OCULAR METABOLISM AND EFFLUX PUMPS
4.1. Role of Metabolism in Ocular Drug Delivery
4.2. Role of Efflux Pumps in Ocular Drug Delivery
Table 2. Various strategies to overcome efflux pump effects
5. TRANSPORTERS/RECEPTORS TARGETED OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY
Table 3. Examples of transporters present on various ocular tissues
5.1. Anterior Segment Delivery
5.2. Posterior Segment Delivery
6. CONTACT LENS AND COLLAGEN SHIELDS
7. DENDRIMERS
8. BIO-PHYSICAL APPROACH
8.1. Ocular Iontophoresis
8.2. Ultrasound Mediated Ocular Drug Delivery
9. SURGICAL APPROACHES
9.1. Tissue Implant/Transplant: Retinal Degenerative Diseases
9.2. Retinal Prosthesis
10. GENE THERAPY
10.1. Viral Vectors
10.2. Non-Viral Vectors
1) Naked DNA
2) Liposome
3) Peptides
4) Polymers
11. OLIGONUCLEOTIDES
Antisense Approach
12. RIBOZYMES
13. NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS
14. POLYMERIC OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY
FUTURE DIRECTION
REFERENCES
CULAR
RUG
Chapter 2
CORE-SHELL POLYMER NANOPARTICLE FORMULATIONS FOR THE ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
OBSTACLES TO THE ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS
Physiological Obstacles
Enzymatic Barrier
ADMINISTRATION OF PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS BY THE ORAL ROUTE USING NANOPARTICLES
Fate of the Nanoparticles in the Intestinal Tract
Plain Nanoparticles
Core-Shell Nanoparticles
ELABORATION OF CORE-SHELL POLY(ALKYL CYANOACRYLATE) (PACA) NANOPARTICLES
Interest of Chitosan and Modified Chitosan in the Design of Surface Modified PACA Nanoparticles for the Oral Administration of Peptides and Proteins
Chitosan
Modifiing Commercially Available Chitosan
Chitosan-Coated PACA Nanoparticles
INTERACTION OF CHITOSAN-COATED PACA NANOPARTICLES WITH THE INTESTINAL MUCOSA
Bioadhesion
Ion Binding Capacity
Antiprotease Activity
MODULATION OF THE INTESTINAL ABSORPTION OF ACTIVE MOLECULES IN PRESENCE OF CHITOSAN-COATED PACA NANOPARTICLES
CONCLUSIONS AND NEW TRENDS
REFERENCES
Chapter 3
EXCIPIENTS AS MODULATORS OF DRUG-CARRIER MEDIATED ABSORPTION IN THE INTESTINE
ABSTRACT
1. INTRODUCTION
2. DRUG TRANSPORTERS IN THE INTESTINE
2a. P-glycoprotein (P-gp)
2b. Multi-Drug-Resistance Protein (MRP)
2c. Peptide Transporter (PEPT)
2d. Monocarboxylate Transporter (MCT)
3.MODULATION OF DRUG-CARRIER ACTIVITY BY EXCIPIENTS
3a. Overview
3b. Cremophor EL
3c. Tocopheryl-Polyethyleneglycol-1000-Succinate (TPGS)
3d. Polysorbate 80
3e. Pluronic P85 (and other Pluronics)
3f. PEG 400 and PEG 300
3g. Solutol HS 15
3h. Labrasol
3i. Others (Softigen 767, Imwitor 742, methoxypolyethylene glycol-blockpolycaprolactone diblock copolymer Eudragit L100-55)
4. POSSIBLE MECHANISM FOR INHIBITION OF DRUG-CARRIERS BY EXCIPIENTS
5. CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Chapter 4
TASTE MASKING OF UNPLEASANT ORAL DRUGS
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
1.WHAT IS TASTE?
1.1. Taste Perception
1.2. Sensorial Psychophysiology
2. CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS FOR TASTE MAKING
3. DOSAGE FORMS FOR TASTE MASKING
3.1. Solid Dosage Forms
3.1.1. Granules, Powders
3.1.2. Fast Disintegrating Drug Delivery
3.1.3. Chewable Tablets
3.1.4. Jellies
3.2. Liquid Formulations
3.2.1. Solutions, Liquid Suspensions, Syrups
3.2.2. Emulsions, Microemulsions
4. STRATEGIES FOR TASTE MASKING
4.1. Use of Flavour Enhancers
4.2. Coating Methods
4.3. Complexation with Ion Exchange Resins
4.4. Inclusion Complex Formation with Cyclodextrins
4.5. Other Techniques
5. EVALUATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF TASTE MASKING EFFECT
6. APPLICATION FIELDS
6.1. Infants, Children
6.2. Geriatric Patients
6.3. Domestic Animals
7. CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Chapter 5
MECHANISMS OF DRUG ENTRY INTO NUCLEUS
ABSTRACT
1. INTRODUCTION
A. Transport Into and Out of Nucleus in the Eukaryotic Cell
B. The Nuclear Pore Complex; Central Avenue of Nucleocytoplasmic Transport
2. TARGETING SIGNALS
A. Nuclear Localization Sequences (NLSs)
B. Nuclear Retention Sequences
C. Shuttle Sequences
D. Nuclear Export Sequences
3. APPLICATIONS OF TARGETING SIGNALS IN DRUG DELIVERY
A. Desirability of Targeting Drugs to the Nucleus in a Medical or Research Contex
B. Use of NLSs in DNA Transfer
C. Use of NLSs in Photosensitizer Delivery to Tumor Cells
D. Future Prospects—Potential Use of Targeting Signals
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Chapter 6
BIOMAGNETIC APPROACHES APPLIED TO DRUG DELIVERY STUDIES
ABSTRACT
1.1. INTRODUCTION
1.2. HUMAN GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT – THE TARGET
1.2.1. Absorption from Stomach, Small Intestine and Colon
1.3. GASTROINTESTINAL VARIABLES
1.3.1. Gastrointestinal Motility
1.3.2. Gastric Emptying
1.3.3. Gastrointestinal Transit
1.3.4. Gastrointestinal Fluids and pH
1.4. ORAL DRUG DELIVERY
1.4.1. Drug Release from Tablets and Capsules
1.4.2. In Vitro – In Vivo Correlation
1.4.3. Formulation Strategies for Delivery Systems
1.4.3.1. Gastroretentive Systems
1.4.3.2. Colonic Drug Delivery
1.5. EVALUATING DRUG DELIVERY IN MAN
1.5.1. Biomagnetic Fields
1.5.2. Biomagnetic Instrumentation – Fundamentals and Applications
1.5.2.1. SQUID System
1.5.2.2. Magnetoresistive Sensors
1.5.2.3. Hall-Effect Sensors
1.5.2.4. AC Biosusceptometry
CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 7
SALMONELLA AS A VACCINE DELIVERY VEHICLE
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
SALMONELLA AS A VACCINE DELIVERY VEHICLE
Gene Stabilisation
Controlling Antigen Expression
Localising Expressed Antigen
Enhancing Immunogenicity
Vector Strain Selection
FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Chapter 8
NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR BONE TISSUE REGENERATION USING CYTOKINES AND THEIR DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
BMPS
THREE METHODS OF BONE TISSUE REGENERATION USING BMPS
CLINICAL TRIALS OF BONE REPAIR BY CYTOKINE THERAPIES
PROBLEMS IN CLINICAL APPLICATION OF BMPS
COMBINATION OF BMP THERAPY ANDOTHER THERAPIES
DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS FOR BMPS
DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR BONE REPAIR USING BMPS AND SYNTHETIC POLYMERS FOR CLINICAL USE
1. Repair of Bone Defects Using Composites of BMPs and Synthetic Polymer DDS
2. Injectable Polymeric Delivery Systems for BMPs
3. Combination of the BMP/Synthetic Polymer Composites with Other Materials
4. Development of New Implants for Joint Arthroplasty That Restores a Bone Defect
NEW TRIAL APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY TO BONE TISSUE REGENERATION
1. Application of CNTs to Biomaterials
2. Studies to Apply CNTs to DDS for BMPs
CONCLUSION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
INDEX
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