惊呆了！美国研究显示乳腺癌可能与一种牛病毒有关

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导读：美国研究人员在该国期刊《科学公共图书馆综合》上发表的研究报告说，他们首次发现人患上乳腺癌与感染牛白血病病毒之间存在关联，但这一研究结果并不说明这种牛病毒会导致乳腺癌。

美国加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校的研究人员对２３９名女性的乳腺组织进行分析，查看其中是否存在某种病毒感染。他们把其中的乳腺癌患者的乳腺组织样本与未患过此病的女性乳腺组织样本进行对比。结果发现，上述乳腺癌患者中约５９％的人有感染过牛白血病病毒的迹象，而在无乳腺癌病史的女性中，这一比例只有２９％。

研究人员说，依据该研究使用的样本，牛白血病病毒与乳腺癌之间存在明显关联。数据分析显示，如果乳腺组织存在牛白血病病毒，患乳腺癌的风险堪比生育史、激素使用和生活方式等方面与乳腺癌相关的风险因素，但不及乳腺癌基因、大剂量电离辐射和年龄等其他风险因素。

这份研究报告的第一作者、病毒学教授格特鲁徳·比林说，感染牛白血病病毒与乳腺癌的关联让很多人感到意外，但有必要指出的是这一研究结果并不证明牛白血病病毒导致乳腺癌。这项研究是重要的第一步，接下来还需证实上述牛白血病病毒感染是否发生在患乳腺癌之前。

牛白血病病毒是一种逆转录病毒，会感染牛的血液细胞和乳腺组织，容易通过被感染的血液和乳液在牛之间传播。比林教授在去年发表的一篇报告中证实牛白血病病毒可能存在于人体中，这一观点与很多人认为这种病毒不会传染给人的观念相左。他说，基于旧有认识，养牛行业一直缺乏依据来建立相关程序，控制这种病毒传播。

​根据现有知识，某些病毒可以致癌，比如乙肝病毒会导致肝癌，人乳头状瘤病毒可引发宫颈癌和肛门癌。针对这两种病毒研发的疫苗已被用来预防相关癌症。比林教授说，假如牛白血病病毒被证明可导致乳腺癌，就有可能改变现在防控乳腺癌的一些做法。

bigben446

【标题】：Exposure to Bovine Leukemia Virus Is Associated with Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study
【作者】：Buehring, G. C.; Shen, H. M.; Jensen, H. M. (...)
【来源】：PLoS One, 2015, 10(9), e134304
【摘要】：BACKGROUND: Age, reproductive history, hormones, genetics, and lifestyle are known risk factors for breast cancer, but the agents that initiate cellular changes from normal to malignant are not understood. We previously detected bovine leukemia virus (BLV), a common oncogenic virus of cattle, in the breast epithelium of humans. The objective of this study was to determine whether the presence of BLV DNA in human mammary epithelium is associated with breast cancer. METHODS: This was a case-control study of archival formalin fixed paraffin embedded breast tissues from 239 donors, received 2002-2008 from the Cooperative  Human Tissue Network. Case definition as breast cancer versus normal (women with  no history of breast cancer) was established through medical records and examination of tissues by an anatomical pathologist. Breast exposure to BLV was determined by in situ-PCR detection of a biomarker, BLV DNA, localized within mammary epithelium. RESULTS: The frequency of BLV DNA in mammary epithelium from  women with breast cancer (59%) was significantly higher than in normal controls (29%) (multiply- adjusted odds ratio = 3.07, confidence interval = 1.66-5.69, p = .0004, attributable risk = 37%). In women with premalignant breast changes the frequency of BLV DNA was intermediate (38%) between that of women with breast cancer and normal controls (p for trend < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Among the specimens in this study, the presence of amplified BLV DNA was significantly associated with breast cancer. The odds ratio magnitude was comparable to those of well-established breast cancer risk factors related to reproductive history, hormones, and lifestyle and was exceeded only by risk factors related to genetics (familial breast cancer), high dose ionizing radiation, and age. These findings have the potential for primary and secondary prevention of breast cancer.