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1. individuals, characters, folks 替换 people , persons. 2. positive, favorable, rosy, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior 替换 good. " S }+ u7 o/ C& q
3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill 替换 bad（如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换。） , X% v' g$ K5 q
4. an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of, if not most 替换 many.
/ m" }8 p1 i8 ~+ I* g* P5. a slice of, quiet a few 替换 some. 2 Y' v* i& z- m* h- j& l+ P: L* Z
6. harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that 替换 think。
7 X, A; Y/ T* c! N7. affair, business, matter 替换 thing.
& p- K3 z+ |. ^) N4 S5 |8. shared 替换 common .
% o: s+ [" k9 U1 W# _0 p- j9. reap huge fruits 替换 get many benefits. : p9 ?1 j7 K$ n7 ^; V
10. for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion.
/ a5 e% |( C6 w# x8 U11. Increasing(ly), growing 替换 more and more（注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.） + Q3 n$ ^& ~0 E3 f. ?( j, M
12. little if anything或little or nothing 替换 hardly.
' g& m5 o5 y, X! @0 S13. beneficial, rewarding 替换 helpful.
( V- n0 {7 d. P1 j- p14. shopper, client, consumer, purchaser 替换 customer.
$ z9 w2 \5 N! _1 n& A( Q' v6 a- T$ t15. overwhelmingly, exceedingly, extremely, intensely 替换 very.
* @' w& E" L, B9 P6 l: G% b16. hardly necessary, hardly inevitable…替换 unnecessary, avoidable.
: A. J6 ~9 w' K9 Y1 F17. indispensable 替换 necessary.
5 m9 {/ l' u+ |, h- r! r7 ]18. sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in. & z/ f/ K2 c5 W2 J
19. capture one's attention 替换 attract one's attention.
8 e7 g+ e1 U( l+ f0 x: j20. facet, demension, sphere 替换 aspet.
& c* i8 u3 ^& {4 _" t" \# ~6 G! h; A21. be indicative of, be suggestive of, be fearful of 替换 indicate,suggest, fear.
/ f$ m( `& `) k' ~22. give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换 cause.
8 C! C! ^5 X: n, z" f23. There are several reasons behind sth 替换…reasons for sth. 3 ]% ^5 f, ~3 l0 s' x$ E* V0 o; T
24. desire 替换 want.
6 r' F2 \, y- ?9 b6 N% \25. pour attention into 替换 pay attention to. . ~6 f6 U6 p# f% r7 V
26. bear in mind that 替换 remember.
7 [$ R D; V2 l! n& t27. enjoy, possess 替换 have（注意process是过程的意思）。
- S8 D8 k9 N7 h; z! d: t0 `% {. }- w8 ^' \28. interaction 替换 communication. 1 A+ }( k9 u$ S, _: R; b
29. frown on sth 替换 be against , disagree with sth . 4 u' D* w4 I( S" U) }8 h
30. as an example 替换 for example, for instance. , E$ {' Z4 A! Y7 b2 P6 ?
31. next to / virtually impossible 替换 nearly / almost impossible.
/ O8 n, j# ?: J L32. regarding / concerning 替换 about. e; r- j. T& h& g; R8 z5 O
33. crucial /paramount 替换 important.
. i, F; d+ E9 K2 @6 b34. 第一（in the first place/the first and foremost）；第二（there is one more point, I should touch on, that…）；第三（the last but not the least）. - b: ?" w+ c+ d+ Y/ `
35. assiduous 替换 hard-working. N: s9 }! {) n' R, N N
36. arduous 替换 difficult. n- j. n% e& v, X- ^5 I
37. underdeveloped / financially-challenged 替换poor（因为poor通常含有贬义）.
~6 K% ]2 T" o0 p+ p$ v38. demonstrate / manifest 替换 show. / C* T; C+ W3 d: d
39. invariably 替换 always. / x( s! c, ?9 [4 R
40. perilous / hazardous替换 dangerous.
4 |" d% k4 d% M/ v0 t% K# k. P41. formidable 替换 difficult. # x; n, r4 b6 ]
42. quintessential 替换 typical（举例时常用，例如：a quintessential example should be cited that=for example; for instance）.
- S" S4 z$ q7 e4 _$ i9 {8 X43. distinguished 替换 famous. * q$ o+ d' D1 W7 l) n
44. feasible 替换 possible.
( S0 C' [8 U* r) {* Y0 {45. consequently, accordingly替换 so.
8 b0 u. P/ P0 e& v) Y6 a46. 通常，由数据推断出一定的结论，用Results indicate, infer, suggest, imply that……
' z- {" v* g$ g: _47. 最常见的引述别人观点的词汇 Much of the research in sexual selection in the last two decades has examined how a female’s preference that does not influence her immediate reproductive success can still evolve if it is genetically correlated with another character under direct selection.(不要每次写到研究时总用study，可以用些其它的词汇，比如examine，work。) . _+ _5 ~# [# |: \+ \# a- Z) p
Two hypotheses for female preference evolution—runaway sexual selection and good genes selection—state that preferences evolve indirectly because they are genetically correlated with male traits that are under direct selection; that is, the preferences themselves are not under direct selection.(在引述别人的观点时，如果不能完全同意，使用state 比show更加中立些。)
; Y, L* D; p; g YStudies of receiver biases suggest that such analogies might not be broadly applicable.(suggest,又一种较为客观的引述观点的表达方法。)
; R1 l5 D" P$ jBurley argued that the preference for red beaks is adaptive because it indicates male health, and this preference is then transferred to leg-band color.(argue,引用别人观点的又一表述。)
4 F& Q% o: R. a; f* S3 B. jAccording to the anti-monotony hypothesis, habituation plays an important role in the evolution of complex vocalizations in songbirds: Increased song complexity reduces habituation of neighboring males and courting females.(根据…)
' m& S* I0 _4 V7 Y& r7 fPrevious studies of acoustic and bioluminescent interactions had emphasized potential advantages to group-signaling organization, such as minimizing predation, preserving species-specific signal characters, or increasing the attractiveness of the group.(带有小小的强调)
6 q ]9 E& ]: e* y+ L48.常见的连接词有，However, also, in addition, consequently, afterwards, moreover, Furthermore, further, although, unlike, in contrast, Similarly, Unfortunately, alternatively, parallel results, In order to, despite, For example, Compared with, other results, thus, therefore……用好连接词能使文章层次清楚，意思明确。比如，叙述有时间顺序的事件或文献，最早的文献可用AA advocated it for the first time.接下来可用Then BB further demonstrated that. 再接下来，可用Afterwards, CC……如果还有，可用More recent studies by DD……
# q. N' u0 b" J1 F来源：丁香园
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发表于 2015-4-30 10:43:59
