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1. individuals, characters, folks 替换 people , persons. 2. positive, favorable, rosy, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior 替换 good.
( _# e3 ?! N' R2 ]3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill 替换 bad（如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换。） 5 o& t& S/ p, Y) O6 N, S1 n
4. an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of, if not most 替换 many. + b' n7 ]0 e& `# s
5. a slice of, quiet a few 替换 some. , F3 o( j7 ~* _9 @+ s
6. harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that 替换 think。
5 [4 A k. y5 x4 ]& r7. affair, business, matter 替换 thing.
2 O6 I n/ L. p9 H8. shared 替换 common .
/ g/ N) D: V+ l: i; G) x9. reap huge fruits 替换 get many benefits.
0 \; S6 K" c7 E10. for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion. - r' C' f. M, q$ d
11. Increasing(ly), growing 替换 more and more（注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.） 8 o2 j( o* s z9 w$ T2 {( }
12. little if anything或little or nothing 替换 hardly. * Y) J1 D& m8 M& _4 j& Y
13. beneficial, rewarding 替换 helpful. $ C: X& o3 D. |% h6 i, L# c+ d
14. shopper, client, consumer, purchaser 替换 customer. ' h* p3 P4 O* R4 F
15. overwhelmingly, exceedingly, extremely, intensely 替换 very.
1 f' z1 K( t0 J! @2 o8 B# ]+ y16. hardly necessary, hardly inevitable…替换 unnecessary, avoidable.
f. Y/ R4 h/ W5 }; ^# ^% T17. indispensable 替换 necessary. ; ^, T" _1 B8 S- h
18. sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in. . w. ?$ j2 X$ O( z
19. capture one's attention 替换 attract one's attention.
2 L: q, w' _% j20. facet, demension, sphere 替换 aspet.
5 f% g; G$ E7 ] o4 a1 I0 K9 U$ @/ n21. be indicative of, be suggestive of, be fearful of 替换 indicate,suggest, fear.
4 L, [. H v' y3 }) G22. give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换 cause.
% o" d7 p8 Q: j0 A& T7 ~, O23. There are several reasons behind sth 替换…reasons for sth.
4 E6 z; o8 f% e" F+ {! x24. desire 替换 want. ( f v+ L/ a- x% F. I* X
25. pour attention into 替换 pay attention to.
" e' P/ g' h# t: t26. bear in mind that 替换 remember. r7 v( @9 n( `% P' o$ ]1 Q
27. enjoy, possess 替换 have（注意process是过程的意思）。
1 h( C( n1 x. T: s. M6 Y$ T! O9 F28. interaction 替换 communication.
9 X( {, i: X( S29. frown on sth 替换 be against , disagree with sth . * Q3 L- j- H8 z8 W
30. as an example 替换 for example, for instance.
9 J# F. w, E5 \31. next to / virtually impossible 替换 nearly / almost impossible. # O$ A/ c! }; ^" ^ B6 Z4 ?! J
32. regarding / concerning 替换 about.
3 }1 _( B4 v. @- j2 `33. crucial /paramount 替换 important. * l7 V; A8 r/ ? P' Z( ^9 \/ v
34. 第一（in the first place/the first and foremost）；第二（there is one more point, I should touch on, that…）；第三（the last but not the least）.
' Y1 W' g- o# L0 B4 [35. assiduous 替换 hard-working. 2 B, i: I0 \% m0 @; `- [
36. arduous 替换 difficult.
2 l% u& W+ B9 C37. underdeveloped / financially-challenged 替换poor（因为poor通常含有贬义）.
! c; z# F' S- q1 j5 k, W38. demonstrate / manifest 替换 show.
5 n4 T0 _4 f4 `" R! P5 j+ Z39. invariably 替换 always. $ ]7 q3 `+ V3 n; ~' H5 H
40. perilous / hazardous替换 dangerous.
L. H* p. l$ Z0 t41. formidable 替换 difficult. s2 C0 O+ N% W& `
42. quintessential 替换 typical（举例时常用，例如：a quintessential example should be cited that=for example; for instance）. * x- G) F# P1 a2 \* E; d+ V" v9 c* p
43. distinguished 替换 famous. * X7 K4 O" B. ^9 S+ I+ j R
44. feasible 替换 possible.
' ^7 x9 K3 p+ S45. consequently, accordingly替换 so. $ Y S8 u! p( x
46. 通常，由数据推断出一定的结论，用Results indicate, infer, suggest, imply that……
( j' r* h) p5 c* N/ ?47. 最常见的引述别人观点的词汇 Much of the research in sexual selection in the last two decades has examined how a female’s preference that does not influence her immediate reproductive success can still evolve if it is genetically correlated with another character under direct selection.(不要每次写到研究时总用study，可以用些其它的词汇，比如examine，work。) - c2 T4 x! C- Z5 ?# I" }
Two hypotheses for female preference evolution—runaway sexual selection and good genes selection—state that preferences evolve indirectly because they are genetically correlated with male traits that are under direct selection; that is, the preferences themselves are not under direct selection.(在引述别人的观点时，如果不能完全同意，使用state 比show更加中立些。) + _9 t6 Q [. \. E# w
Studies of receiver biases suggest that such analogies might not be broadly applicable.(suggest,又一种较为客观的引述观点的表达方法。) . V! A) Z6 B' |
Burley argued that the preference for red beaks is adaptive because it indicates male health, and this preference is then transferred to leg-band color.(argue,引用别人观点的又一表述。)
" I. X- b2 {/ E/ j HAccording to the anti-monotony hypothesis, habituation plays an important role in the evolution of complex vocalizations in songbirds: Increased song complexity reduces habituation of neighboring males and courting females.(根据…)
5 O/ h* l- o6 g& G/ J* H! iPrevious studies of acoustic and bioluminescent interactions had emphasized potential advantages to group-signaling organization, such as minimizing predation, preserving species-specific signal characters, or increasing the attractiveness of the group.(带有小小的强调)
1 a2 b o% }, R/ t, Y48.常见的连接词有，However, also, in addition, consequently, afterwards, moreover, Furthermore, further, although, unlike, in contrast, Similarly, Unfortunately, alternatively, parallel results, In order to, despite, For example, Compared with, other results, thus, therefore……用好连接词能使文章层次清楚，意思明确。比如，叙述有时间顺序的事件或文献，最早的文献可用AA advocated it for the first time.接下来可用Then BB further demonstrated that. 再接下来，可用Afterwards, CC……如果还有，可用More recent studies by DD……
( G* q- X4 \7 W, p/ R: w* L$ F来源：丁香园 1 B! F. V$ o. X' t0 P' @6 O
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发表于 2015-4-30 10:43:59
