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1. individuals, characters, folks 替换 people , persons. 2. positive, favorable, rosy, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior 替换 good.
" d( G/ Y, {4 a( S$ {- z3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill 替换 bad（如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换。）
, M- e5 ]) {* ^3 Z! c+ T, K4 _- }( u4. an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of, if not most 替换 many. . C9 c: |7 S2 J, l9 z2 p
5. a slice of, quiet a few 替换 some. # L: M2 R9 y3 H) B' c+ V' E. _# i
6. harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that 替换 think。 * O# h* Z5 J- |# W2 c& n: v
7. affair, business, matter 替换 thing. , ^! a# {( u4 O. ^7 g
8. shared 替换 common . " I" n) ? K; B
9. reap huge fruits 替换 get many benefits.
: y+ y. ^$ M$ _4 ~( ]10. for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion. % h4 s6 _' b; [1 _. b' K# j
11. Increasing(ly), growing 替换 more and more（注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.）
+ w8 h; P, @; M7 x1 G8 ]12. little if anything或little or nothing 替换 hardly.
% F# D. a* \% U/ U9 I13. beneficial, rewarding 替换 helpful. $ i" U* e7 s( r! G, ~' P
14. shopper, client, consumer, purchaser 替换 customer. Y9 Z. _0 \0 k' K9 I. J
15. overwhelmingly, exceedingly, extremely, intensely 替换 very. & h; r# i/ ^# z2 U" v. T& `% Z# V, N
16. hardly necessary, hardly inevitable…替换 unnecessary, avoidable. 2 x8 h! b3 i0 |) f! w
17. indispensable 替换 necessary.
! T' n! k1 }3 q7 }9 ]6 \18. sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in. . F$ r+ g" x9 J3 j2 p' r
19. capture one's attention 替换 attract one's attention. 1 ]* H" {2 `' K9 Y3 q, [, e1 U
20. facet, demension, sphere 替换 aspet.
. Q7 m+ v* |5 {% X5 K4 o% y* d: F, {# O21. be indicative of, be suggestive of, be fearful of 替换 indicate,suggest, fear.
6 s4 Q& ?7 V: w% H$ [7 D22. give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换 cause.
3 W* _: I/ d* @* A E. {' A+ L23. There are several reasons behind sth 替换…reasons for sth. " U, y! U2 z% J
24. desire 替换 want.
# \6 \/ t3 k% w9 R! y$ C E' \25. pour attention into 替换 pay attention to.
. J" R* h' P/ \. R0 c5 `* L26. bear in mind that 替换 remember.
/ w$ R6 @& S* V9 [27. enjoy, possess 替换 have（注意process是过程的意思）。
- x& H# f/ d k28. interaction 替换 communication. Z: P( u( X, b3 c9 ]$ q# C4 l$ U
29. frown on sth 替换 be against , disagree with sth . 3 K- m: |/ t2 ^+ d# o+ [
30. as an example 替换 for example, for instance.
1 ^% j& o% H3 S$ ^7 D1 E31. next to / virtually impossible 替换 nearly / almost impossible.
0 W: h! g: {/ V; Z" A32. regarding / concerning 替换 about. 4 U( M, V4 _" J6 f2 t8 O
33. crucial /paramount 替换 important.
, P: d+ n5 g0 \8 X$ A0 w' n34. 第一（in the first place/the first and foremost）；第二（there is one more point, I should touch on, that…）；第三（the last but not the least）. * z1 E/ n9 C2 |' q2 k& ?1 t
35. assiduous 替换 hard-working.
5 E& R# q# t6 q8 }7 J# t: o+ N36. arduous 替换 difficult. , `! u3 e5 G+ ?( U! U
37. underdeveloped / financially-challenged 替换poor（因为poor通常含有贬义）. + n- {7 ?' E' q8 s# P9 f
38. demonstrate / manifest 替换 show. ) B1 m& @; s; D: [( C$ u
39. invariably 替换 always. 8 m+ ~5 r3 W+ u2 ?
40. perilous / hazardous替换 dangerous. , j5 N4 z- f* z' P
41. formidable 替换 difficult. : e( p" n: i3 `; n% D
42. quintessential 替换 typical（举例时常用，例如：a quintessential example should be cited that=for example; for instance）.
, w2 E1 M" ^$ r43. distinguished 替换 famous.
% P- o! l& S) v# n" I44. feasible 替换 possible. ! Q& s' U. \' a
45. consequently, accordingly替换 so.
3 l; E; @2 i% _46. 通常，由数据推断出一定的结论，用Results indicate, infer, suggest, imply that……
$ ]% X( t+ m6 C, o47. 最常见的引述别人观点的词汇 Much of the research in sexual selection in the last two decades has examined how a female’s preference that does not influence her immediate reproductive success can still evolve if it is genetically correlated with another character under direct selection.(不要每次写到研究时总用study，可以用些其它的词汇，比如examine，work。)
! a! T6 i w' R+ s6 [" L$ n& L1 DTwo hypotheses for female preference evolution—runaway sexual selection and good genes selection—state that preferences evolve indirectly because they are genetically correlated with male traits that are under direct selection; that is, the preferences themselves are not under direct selection.(在引述别人的观点时，如果不能完全同意，使用state 比show更加中立些。) 1 @4 ^! g0 H6 d/ Q2 B
Studies of receiver biases suggest that such analogies might not be broadly applicable.(suggest,又一种较为客观的引述观点的表达方法。) : L/ L8 @0 K# D9 M
Burley argued that the preference for red beaks is adaptive because it indicates male health, and this preference is then transferred to leg-band color.(argue,引用别人观点的又一表述。) - p, L9 e( v. u8 w& J$ E8 U+ k
According to the anti-monotony hypothesis, habituation plays an important role in the evolution of complex vocalizations in songbirds: Increased song complexity reduces habituation of neighboring males and courting females.(根据…)
, V' z" V$ v. W6 S. Q, s+ @Previous studies of acoustic and bioluminescent interactions had emphasized potential advantages to group-signaling organization, such as minimizing predation, preserving species-specific signal characters, or increasing the attractiveness of the group.(带有小小的强调) : S+ l2 s1 F( Q6 W, y
48.常见的连接词有，However, also, in addition, consequently, afterwards, moreover, Furthermore, further, although, unlike, in contrast, Similarly, Unfortunately, alternatively, parallel results, In order to, despite, For example, Compared with, other results, thus, therefore……用好连接词能使文章层次清楚，意思明确。比如，叙述有时间顺序的事件或文献，最早的文献可用AA advocated it for the first time.接下来可用Then BB further demonstrated that. 再接下来，可用Afterwards, CC……如果还有，可用More recent studies by DD…… 5 z! @# E5 [ c1 U+ \
来源：丁香园
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发表于 2015-4-30 10:43:59
