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1. individuals, characters, folks 替换 people , persons. 2. positive, favorable, rosy, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior 替换 good. : \2 Q$ k$ j1 j, x, n
3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill 替换 bad（如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换。）
8 k1 i* ]! L1 P8 w4. an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of, if not most 替换 many. $ O, S* T' ~& V, ~, t3 Z, f' c( B
5. a slice of, quiet a few 替换 some. ( ] q5 Y8 E1 ?% o
6. harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that 替换 think。 . W& O* ~1 P! p) l
7. affair, business, matter 替换 thing.
' L" X ]# O$ \8. shared 替换 common .
% y* }( F0 \7 t, I9. reap huge fruits 替换 get many benefits.
& j, h- T4 f. B- l% y q10. for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion.
: ~8 l s1 F& u6 G5 P0 r11. Increasing(ly), growing 替换 more and more（注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.） _7 y) p4 k) y1 q
12. little if anything或little or nothing 替换 hardly.
8 p5 A: \% ]# v! v" v d13. beneficial, rewarding 替换 helpful. 5 e7 Q2 y$ O! K0 o/ b& @
14. shopper, client, consumer, purchaser 替换 customer. $ e/ I( v W6 ?2 h! v1 U+ J
15. overwhelmingly, exceedingly, extremely, intensely 替换 very.
) a4 Q& o; M; U5 w8 n0 O16. hardly necessary, hardly inevitable…替换 unnecessary, avoidable.
: W i$ ]7 p. ?' g17. indispensable 替换 necessary. 4 {3 N( o5 R$ H
18. sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in. * s. M# O" M+ I4 {: A" [6 P+ Q
19. capture one's attention 替换 attract one's attention. + k3 w) _' @/ y, V j7 E n
20. facet, demension, sphere 替换 aspet.
, H6 w# i7 {% f/ [21. be indicative of, be suggestive of, be fearful of 替换 indicate,suggest, fear. 0 a% r4 ?( y- e6 u9 ?# Z
22. give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换 cause.
' r; [8 G. b; k1 S, V/ w23. There are several reasons behind sth 替换…reasons for sth.
) d- X: j8 K; f) e# S" s; b! o24. desire 替换 want. / ]' T0 \7 D; t: l
25. pour attention into 替换 pay attention to.
3 K8 x9 w3 [7 I( K4 @7 N/ l1 ]26. bear in mind that 替换 remember.
( M3 R' d2 G, U! I27. enjoy, possess 替换 have（注意process是过程的意思）。
: [) ]3 A( e1 b; R28. interaction 替换 communication. % g; G& B( Z8 f: s Y
29. frown on sth 替换 be against , disagree with sth . , N! d% e' G- H- c+ m
30. as an example 替换 for example, for instance. 2 U% k' F- ?& u! Q
31. next to / virtually impossible 替换 nearly / almost impossible.
% P- ]1 h& F/ w32. regarding / concerning 替换 about. 6 i/ t+ H/ M4 f2 d
33. crucial /paramount 替换 important. 9 P- F2 i. ]* d
34. 第一（in the first place/the first and foremost）；第二（there is one more point, I should touch on, that…）；第三（the last but not the least）. 2 [( w6 L3 X& |) d! k Q
35. assiduous 替换 hard-working.
" v" ^; X- V% S& K: z: J36. arduous 替换 difficult.
7 c, r: D1 @ k+ S2 C/ W5 y, t u37. underdeveloped / financially-challenged 替换poor（因为poor通常含有贬义）. * c/ ?3 `5 @; R9 x4 b0 c
38. demonstrate / manifest 替换 show. - i6 }7 a$ ?9 p
39. invariably 替换 always.
" N# a" I3 H4 n4 K( l$ T40. perilous / hazardous替换 dangerous. ; S! G" R* O3 ^# m
41. formidable 替换 difficult. ( I& t q% q% O
42. quintessential 替换 typical（举例时常用，例如：a quintessential example should be cited that=for example; for instance）.
( X7 ?/ x1 O( e3 A43. distinguished 替换 famous. $ l2 _: E% D3 i. o- i
44. feasible 替换 possible. 1 J d+ K- S$ K' E8 H3 @3 K3 J
45. consequently, accordingly替换 so.
7 R' e6 l$ U9 P p46. 通常，由数据推断出一定的结论，用Results indicate, infer, suggest, imply that……
4 y. M8 L' ^' B47. 最常见的引述别人观点的词汇 Much of the research in sexual selection in the last two decades has examined how a female’s preference that does not influence her immediate reproductive success can still evolve if it is genetically correlated with another character under direct selection.(不要每次写到研究时总用study，可以用些其它的词汇，比如examine，work。)
0 a: {* ~4 d) I/ k6 GTwo hypotheses for female preference evolution—runaway sexual selection and good genes selection—state that preferences evolve indirectly because they are genetically correlated with male traits that are under direct selection; that is, the preferences themselves are not under direct selection.(在引述别人的观点时，如果不能完全同意，使用state 比show更加中立些。)
% D, O1 u4 @5 b; l4 z, JStudies of receiver biases suggest that such analogies might not be broadly applicable.(suggest,又一种较为客观的引述观点的表达方法。) & w j) _/ Z9 t% |* j/ M% P [2 R
Burley argued that the preference for red beaks is adaptive because it indicates male health, and this preference is then transferred to leg-band color.(argue,引用别人观点的又一表述。)
2 [) S2 b1 K0 t0 Y' c4 z }According to the anti-monotony hypothesis, habituation plays an important role in the evolution of complex vocalizations in songbirds: Increased song complexity reduces habituation of neighboring males and courting females.(根据…) - G& A/ [" G" L0 \: Q% }# G7 Q" p
Previous studies of acoustic and bioluminescent interactions had emphasized potential advantages to group-signaling organization, such as minimizing predation, preserving species-specific signal characters, or increasing the attractiveness of the group.(带有小小的强调) " d/ f- \2 ^: e
48.常见的连接词有，However, also, in addition, consequently, afterwards, moreover, Furthermore, further, although, unlike, in contrast, Similarly, Unfortunately, alternatively, parallel results, In order to, despite, For example, Compared with, other results, thus, therefore……用好连接词能使文章层次清楚，意思明确。比如，叙述有时间顺序的事件或文献，最早的文献可用AA advocated it for the first time.接下来可用Then BB further demonstrated that. 再接下来，可用Afterwards, CC……如果还有，可用More recent studies by DD……
, j6 f0 t0 h+ k来源：丁香园
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发表于 2015-4-30 10:43:59
