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1. individuals, characters, folks 替换 people , persons. 2. positive, favorable, rosy, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior 替换 good. - F. c" b0 r0 x, {- t
3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill 替换 bad（如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换。） " F! r$ L& v% U5 S' }9 [8 s# w
4. an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of, if not most 替换 many.
1 K# l9 X! n2 V0 X/ y5. a slice of, quiet a few 替换 some.
, n+ R* W& a; x D8 M& s5 S6. harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that 替换 think。 * i* [- a0 Y' t$ Y- L6 Q& i
7. affair, business, matter 替换 thing.
# i% C! t$ y& r4 g/ Y, z- ?8. shared 替换 common . * G7 t! y8 B5 d9 U
9. reap huge fruits 替换 get many benefits.
% P ?$ a' a: h' S; ]% F10. for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion. 3 l" i5 @6 g) \1 |2 X- o
11. Increasing(ly), growing 替换 more and more（注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.） : [( }) U0 m0 {6 |( O
12. little if anything或little or nothing 替换 hardly.
0 C# Q( ]5 Q+ J+ J: d, ^. n+ d6 \2 x- ]13. beneficial, rewarding 替换 helpful. , K1 |' U4 F" c+ x( A2 }
14. shopper, client, consumer, purchaser 替换 customer. 5 R( M* W) G# F* T& D5 R" \
15. overwhelmingly, exceedingly, extremely, intensely 替换 very.
+ F h1 R. m2 `+ O$ E5 `16. hardly necessary, hardly inevitable…替换 unnecessary, avoidable. 2 {6 L8 F0 R8 f( Z
17. indispensable 替换 necessary. ) n7 | F& l2 ]5 L% h* I
18. sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in.
+ B6 M7 e g- K4 r! u @5 G& c19. capture one's attention 替换 attract one's attention. 6 w# j" v- A# v+ s5 g! w
20. facet, demension, sphere 替换 aspet. 7 ^, F1 \& a6 `6 o
21. be indicative of, be suggestive of, be fearful of 替换 indicate,suggest, fear. 4 I7 _& G' ^3 L; F9 V" I
22. give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换 cause.
; n$ e0 ?5 t+ V1 C( T( j& a23. There are several reasons behind sth 替换…reasons for sth.
+ r- V5 F) G# c24. desire 替换 want.
7 r. @8 j& t7 ]+ _; u: l25. pour attention into 替换 pay attention to.
6 O' ?4 r1 w/ L+ g5 E- R9 u26. bear in mind that 替换 remember.
8 s6 ^( [! w8 q" a6 B7 K& ` Q27. enjoy, possess 替换 have（注意process是过程的意思）。
- J9 o% {3 J$ o, i28. interaction 替换 communication. 7 o; ^& J2 Y. q" F
29. frown on sth 替换 be against , disagree with sth . . \* @+ ]; W$ f6 S4 N5 A* m: \
30. as an example 替换 for example, for instance. 5 v( }7 W+ w( T! F
31. next to / virtually impossible 替换 nearly / almost impossible. 2 a% f( G# h9 P
32. regarding / concerning 替换 about. 9 L4 h( Z' A; G9 `) O
33. crucial /paramount 替换 important. 3 \& b. n9 b7 N: k7 k9 k
34. 第一（in the first place/the first and foremost）；第二（there is one more point, I should touch on, that…）；第三（the last but not the least）.
; o/ _) n- T. f& ?& i/ u35. assiduous 替换 hard-working.
+ p- `. m1 _9 W' Q# |36. arduous 替换 difficult.
. Y) Z/ O( _" H& ~; J+ C6 a( E37. underdeveloped / financially-challenged 替换poor（因为poor通常含有贬义）. 9 ~- |/ ^7 O3 \
38. demonstrate / manifest 替换 show.
z0 Z# ^( n" |+ n# {39. invariably 替换 always. + D6 A2 B! s, Y7 y# d% ~! t
40. perilous / hazardous替换 dangerous. / S/ T; I/ D( V" E* Y# [
41. formidable 替换 difficult.
0 C& s$ m/ @" ?! H- ^+ d42. quintessential 替换 typical（举例时常用，例如：a quintessential example should be cited that=for example; for instance）. % X, p: \' u. d9 T- d% j$ S0 t6 B
43. distinguished 替换 famous. 6 I. K' y7 v; D
44. feasible 替换 possible.
4 L& O4 p# @. L7 ~$ \45. consequently, accordingly替换 so. 6 v% c/ h& q- a! o) X4 S
46. 通常，由数据推断出一定的结论，用Results indicate, infer, suggest, imply that…… ( M* B6 Y2 H) j+ b
47. 最常见的引述别人观点的词汇 Much of the research in sexual selection in the last two decades has examined how a female’s preference that does not influence her immediate reproductive success can still evolve if it is genetically correlated with another character under direct selection.(不要每次写到研究时总用study，可以用些其它的词汇，比如examine，work。) $ n/ c1 F# L% [$ x* R" e
Two hypotheses for female preference evolution—runaway sexual selection and good genes selection—state that preferences evolve indirectly because they are genetically correlated with male traits that are under direct selection; that is, the preferences themselves are not under direct selection.(在引述别人的观点时，如果不能完全同意，使用state 比show更加中立些。) " A" X0 P, K. T: ]7 }: a$ U
Studies of receiver biases suggest that such analogies might not be broadly applicable.(suggest,又一种较为客观的引述观点的表达方法。)
, X" @' j8 E! e! q3 fBurley argued that the preference for red beaks is adaptive because it indicates male health, and this preference is then transferred to leg-band color.(argue,引用别人观点的又一表述。)
& Q- J- q. s* C$ S5 Z- nAccording to the anti-monotony hypothesis, habituation plays an important role in the evolution of complex vocalizations in songbirds: Increased song complexity reduces habituation of neighboring males and courting females.(根据…) " G8 e( ~7 h% C! n0 `0 X
Previous studies of acoustic and bioluminescent interactions had emphasized potential advantages to group-signaling organization, such as minimizing predation, preserving species-specific signal characters, or increasing the attractiveness of the group.(带有小小的强调)
, a) Y) \/ I. K; i* S2 _48.常见的连接词有，However, also, in addition, consequently, afterwards, moreover, Furthermore, further, although, unlike, in contrast, Similarly, Unfortunately, alternatively, parallel results, In order to, despite, For example, Compared with, other results, thus, therefore……用好连接词能使文章层次清楚，意思明确。比如，叙述有时间顺序的事件或文献，最早的文献可用AA advocated it for the first time.接下来可用Then BB further demonstrated that. 再接下来，可用Afterwards, CC……如果还有，可用More recent studies by DD……
- I! Y! ?- ^$ ]来源：丁香园 , ?- _" z6 C+ `' c5 T6 J
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发表于 2015-4-30 10:43:59
