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1. individuals, characters, folks 替换 people , persons. 2. positive, favorable, rosy, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior 替换 good. - `1 C: d" z. T9 n5 j- W
3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill 替换 bad（如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换。）
2 V+ j; j% ]9 N" m4. an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of, if not most 替换 many. 9 e6 B& C8 K5 @) k6 A6 e/ m
5. a slice of, quiet a few 替换 some. 2 X% O( p! V( G1 F1 z) K) m8 P
6. harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that 替换 think。 6 R& Q% F5 m/ x' y; x* I+ M1 G! k7 a; Y
7. affair, business, matter 替换 thing.
: q. q" b. }9 ^. ]4 |8. shared 替换 common . 7 a' ?# Q- u, `
9. reap huge fruits 替换 get many benefits. $ ]- C1 M* b% Y8 Y+ A4 y
10. for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion. 2 S$ o; s0 n! J( m0 A6 n Q; i
11. Increasing(ly), growing 替换 more and more（注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.）
; c1 r: Q7 [7 r; O' L12. little if anything或little or nothing 替换 hardly. ; n% t6 L( D3 W4 O; C& D! r
13. beneficial, rewarding 替换 helpful. 3 x4 s: u* g# B4 K
14. shopper, client, consumer, purchaser 替换 customer. / K/ o6 U/ J( {! n! \: Q+ J/ W8 @
15. overwhelmingly, exceedingly, extremely, intensely 替换 very. ( O2 o; _) Y" h* @! Q& @
16. hardly necessary, hardly inevitable…替换 unnecessary, avoidable. ; v6 Z4 h3 S$ j# N0 W. E
17. indispensable 替换 necessary. 1 o8 D2 l" J( d( x7 {1 f0 a
18. sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in. ( Z# T( k. ]3 z0 p/ l
19. capture one's attention 替换 attract one's attention. ! ]+ z2 W1 D9 K# W
20. facet, demension, sphere 替换 aspet.
7 U2 L7 b" s+ l* n& E21. be indicative of, be suggestive of, be fearful of 替换 indicate,suggest, fear. ; n0 e6 e% D O: ~+ a
22. give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换 cause. ) l, n& i( A; P- m& K' l* A; K
23. There are several reasons behind sth 替换…reasons for sth. ; l+ g% \# {! a$ Q3 k2 R+ ^
24. desire 替换 want. 4 M" O+ m- n6 Y e8 T
25. pour attention into 替换 pay attention to. ; T/ l% c" c# v
26. bear in mind that 替换 remember. : x3 g V- r+ V( X- O; E V; v
27. enjoy, possess 替换 have（注意process是过程的意思）。
+ Y6 o: Y; N. k+ i3 Q0 }# r- _) N28. interaction 替换 communication. + o6 f) R1 }- @ \; J& Y' V8 r5 F
29. frown on sth 替换 be against , disagree with sth . 1 m' O$ W! r* z2 l) }
30. as an example 替换 for example, for instance. & J1 w* K% o" _0 t- J& ]9 O) L
31. next to / virtually impossible 替换 nearly / almost impossible.
1 [7 \3 @/ B6 x- \/ S. t5 N @32. regarding / concerning 替换 about.
& ]9 `4 s& a. k& G8 Z; y Q v) B33. crucial /paramount 替换 important. + v" I5 y8 j" f" x& C; O" L3 c( I7 z- L, H
34. 第一（in the first place/the first and foremost）；第二（there is one more point, I should touch on, that…）；第三（the last but not the least）. ( ~- E8 Z& p+ q3 }$ {
35. assiduous 替换 hard-working.
9 t8 F: H c% U! B2 F9 _36. arduous 替换 difficult. H R7 o7 o4 G+ s, {/ w# G
37. underdeveloped / financially-challenged 替换poor（因为poor通常含有贬义）. 5 h: P& f1 S' c8 G' N& }7 V( r
38. demonstrate / manifest 替换 show. . u: }. j# Q9 m Y# `( d
39. invariably 替换 always. * g7 B+ t& [" g; u) L$ M6 l/ o
40. perilous / hazardous替换 dangerous.
$ B/ k2 `& M( W7 t5 V+ E41. formidable 替换 difficult. % y8 x% z' q( \7 }, N6 q1 J
42. quintessential 替换 typical（举例时常用，例如：a quintessential example should be cited that=for example; for instance）.
5 V6 ?! v. M y% L$ T& e c- ]43. distinguished 替换 famous. 0 S# `, ?. q% V/ j& Y
44. feasible 替换 possible.
7 [( y5 P1 ?1 g& j. _8 E. }; ~45. consequently, accordingly替换 so.
% s R0 o9 a7 Z. E- G& [1 O7 E46. 通常，由数据推断出一定的结论，用Results indicate, infer, suggest, imply that……
0 l- v$ J6 [7 H6 x; l, M+ l7 I9 E( o+ I, f47. 最常见的引述别人观点的词汇 Much of the research in sexual selection in the last two decades has examined how a female’s preference that does not influence her immediate reproductive success can still evolve if it is genetically correlated with another character under direct selection.(不要每次写到研究时总用study，可以用些其它的词汇，比如examine，work。)
9 R4 {6 J e' q7 a; uTwo hypotheses for female preference evolution—runaway sexual selection and good genes selection—state that preferences evolve indirectly because they are genetically correlated with male traits that are under direct selection; that is, the preferences themselves are not under direct selection.(在引述别人的观点时，如果不能完全同意，使用state 比show更加中立些。) 7 o. W/ N. F0 Y. r( ?$ x
Studies of receiver biases suggest that such analogies might not be broadly applicable.(suggest,又一种较为客观的引述观点的表达方法。)
% Z$ r `1 }9 R; _. ]% {Burley argued that the preference for red beaks is adaptive because it indicates male health, and this preference is then transferred to leg-band color.(argue,引用别人观点的又一表述。)
0 `* H' j/ F Q' E/ Y: N0 d- u# y; AAccording to the anti-monotony hypothesis, habituation plays an important role in the evolution of complex vocalizations in songbirds: Increased song complexity reduces habituation of neighboring males and courting females.(根据…) 3 ^% I% l# z/ }( r% a( ~
Previous studies of acoustic and bioluminescent interactions had emphasized potential advantages to group-signaling organization, such as minimizing predation, preserving species-specific signal characters, or increasing the attractiveness of the group.(带有小小的强调) # V& u( \7 `$ Z( h' b* e- B
48.常见的连接词有，However, also, in addition, consequently, afterwards, moreover, Furthermore, further, although, unlike, in contrast, Similarly, Unfortunately, alternatively, parallel results, In order to, despite, For example, Compared with, other results, thus, therefore……用好连接词能使文章层次清楚，意思明确。比如，叙述有时间顺序的事件或文献，最早的文献可用AA advocated it for the first time.接下来可用Then BB further demonstrated that. 再接下来，可用Afterwards, CC……如果还有，可用More recent studies by DD…… : z' G0 [! K, _6 V( q+ o& X
来源：丁香园 ! w4 l3 ^0 Q0 s. h' \8 V2 O7 S
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发表于 2015-4-30 10:43:59
