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1. individuals, characters, folks 替换 people , persons. 2. positive, favorable, rosy, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior 替换 good. + n: q1 S, p1 O# a. F+ |- T
3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill 替换 bad（如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换。）
) ~" }# g/ n% c& a4. an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of, if not most 替换 many. 4 u7 Z% s$ |0 v. O; e( K
5. a slice of, quiet a few 替换 some.
* J9 U5 }! @& F m0 e6 t8 |6. harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that 替换 think。
' v0 x/ O, e' t2 C7. affair, business, matter 替换 thing.
/ M9 t1 K5 \! K& c& L8. shared 替换 common . 5 W! J2 D. w( c" P
9. reap huge fruits 替换 get many benefits. 6 i" q1 x! f8 C5 n" W
10. for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion. * X% ^# F8 Q1 t. S- b. W
11. Increasing(ly), growing 替换 more and more（注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.）
0 G( d) A3 b4 o12. little if anything或little or nothing 替换 hardly. " [5 G) x7 h$ z( N
13. beneficial, rewarding 替换 helpful. 7 ?& p5 l# z) E. F3 v) h
14. shopper, client, consumer, purchaser 替换 customer. . R) O& K6 q# y$ w8 p0 _+ U
15. overwhelmingly, exceedingly, extremely, intensely 替换 very.
0 D' w5 x$ u' p2 X16. hardly necessary, hardly inevitable…替换 unnecessary, avoidable. $ f4 ?' g$ e: a$ G/ T4 F$ S& q( o
17. indispensable 替换 necessary.
3 z) b8 C% J2 E. c18. sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in.
5 }) p k& {8 Q( {5 j/ B4 E% E19. capture one's attention 替换 attract one's attention.
& D# \/ x" x+ e0 E20. facet, demension, sphere 替换 aspet. 1 i" w0 S2 U+ R3 c" l3 C
21. be indicative of, be suggestive of, be fearful of 替换 indicate,suggest, fear. 5 g0 W( m* m* N6 a& X+ X5 k+ a
22. give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换 cause. # y# j* `- O7 l) X- z, K% m
23. There are several reasons behind sth 替换…reasons for sth. 4 G, ?/ t2 k) c- s
24. desire 替换 want. W7 T$ U0 m- F3 U2 ^) J' Z" u
25. pour attention into 替换 pay attention to.
5 m( I; L- T! |) L* C26. bear in mind that 替换 remember.
$ x* B% c* s) D. m27. enjoy, possess 替换 have（注意process是过程的意思）。 * h: B+ T" _' ~/ j; n+ L
28. interaction 替换 communication. ! F& F O A+ @5 }7 E6 ~
29. frown on sth 替换 be against , disagree with sth .
7 q" p2 @1 I. _ A; v) W( i7 w30. as an example 替换 for example, for instance. ) O: I! `% p4 Q: D: m/ G+ E
31. next to / virtually impossible 替换 nearly / almost impossible. ) h# X$ ?- y, ?' y/ f" W5 c2 |
32. regarding / concerning 替换 about.
" J* d1 M" _$ x4 }8 c0 B33. crucial /paramount 替换 important.
5 y' a9 N. z6 s8 b34. 第一（in the first place/the first and foremost）；第二（there is one more point, I should touch on, that…）；第三（the last but not the least）. * n8 i3 l1 P5 h; ]8 I( u' U( C r3 f
35. assiduous 替换 hard-working.
' z& q3 e: I9 I8 w36. arduous 替换 difficult.
* Z$ u1 P) b* F& N# f' w1 Q37. underdeveloped / financially-challenged 替换poor（因为poor通常含有贬义）. 4 i0 I1 d8 _% P% [; d
38. demonstrate / manifest 替换 show.
. \$ t0 i4 V( {: `+ I G39. invariably 替换 always.
: r9 l2 W# P5 I" O: I* h' U ]40. perilous / hazardous替换 dangerous.
+ v* v7 s) }# S9 t, w41. formidable 替换 difficult. + n/ A( G% j5 y, ?* L9 F& f% w h8 i
42. quintessential 替换 typical（举例时常用，例如：a quintessential example should be cited that=for example; for instance）. & z& G# f% s$ R
43. distinguished 替换 famous. , e- e) ^6 o0 T% |& N" W
44. feasible 替换 possible. 5 x2 ]) ]! U9 T( b
45. consequently, accordingly替换 so. 5 K8 [2 y- d" Q4 F* J. S8 \$ M1 P
46. 通常，由数据推断出一定的结论，用Results indicate, infer, suggest, imply that…… # F- P0 A8 ~1 Q, q$ k a
47. 最常见的引述别人观点的词汇 Much of the research in sexual selection in the last two decades has examined how a female’s preference that does not influence her immediate reproductive success can still evolve if it is genetically correlated with another character under direct selection.(不要每次写到研究时总用study，可以用些其它的词汇，比如examine，work。)
* v$ r5 S' S4 j4 x: P* STwo hypotheses for female preference evolution—runaway sexual selection and good genes selection—state that preferences evolve indirectly because they are genetically correlated with male traits that are under direct selection; that is, the preferences themselves are not under direct selection.(在引述别人的观点时，如果不能完全同意，使用state 比show更加中立些。) # ]7 f( O' ~. @
Studies of receiver biases suggest that such analogies might not be broadly applicable.(suggest,又一种较为客观的引述观点的表达方法。)
- m y, @2 M1 S+ ^/ }$ M+ E& n0 dBurley argued that the preference for red beaks is adaptive because it indicates male health, and this preference is then transferred to leg-band color.(argue,引用别人观点的又一表述。)
% d7 q' A( \0 j; KAccording to the anti-monotony hypothesis, habituation plays an important role in the evolution of complex vocalizations in songbirds: Increased song complexity reduces habituation of neighboring males and courting females.(根据…)
6 \( x5 D7 K3 i& F$ j/ |* c# O ePrevious studies of acoustic and bioluminescent interactions had emphasized potential advantages to group-signaling organization, such as minimizing predation, preserving species-specific signal characters, or increasing the attractiveness of the group.(带有小小的强调) " v0 c9 P3 t" F: _/ B& S3 R" ?- }4 O, X8 [
48.常见的连接词有，However, also, in addition, consequently, afterwards, moreover, Furthermore, further, although, unlike, in contrast, Similarly, Unfortunately, alternatively, parallel results, In order to, despite, For example, Compared with, other results, thus, therefore……用好连接词能使文章层次清楚，意思明确。比如，叙述有时间顺序的事件或文献，最早的文献可用AA advocated it for the first time.接下来可用Then BB further demonstrated that. 再接下来，可用Afterwards, CC……如果还有，可用More recent studies by DD…… 0 f' @4 J! y% D# Y0 L2 h& Z
来源：丁香园
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发表于 2015-4-30 10:43:59
