|
1. individuals, characters, folks 替换 people , persons. 2. positive, favorable, rosy, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior 替换 good. 2 R9 _1 }& k. e9 s' o4 O
3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill 替换 bad（如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换。）
8 a: A6 ^- d: v5 V7 D: \4. an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of, if not most 替换 many.
* a9 Y* v; Q: @, l2 ^8 n5. a slice of, quiet a few 替换 some.
2 B. U4 h( C8 e/ @* s8 r$ s/ X$ A6. harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that 替换 think。 1 T3 K7 A7 [* s+ @$ ~, z' A
7. affair, business, matter 替换 thing. * t( v. U0 Y, f
8. shared 替换 common . $ v( j$ v2 m. z3 F/ w$ m
9. reap huge fruits 替换 get many benefits. & \+ k: T( e5 C) H! J
10. for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion.
- [' z# [2 c, S" @4 H11. Increasing(ly), growing 替换 more and more（注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.）
% x- q0 x! O/ Q- D12. little if anything或little or nothing 替换 hardly.
! f9 _ V3 f% D8 k7 ~' ^, E: u U13. beneficial, rewarding 替换 helpful. 7 L0 m% f, N/ W) p
14. shopper, client, consumer, purchaser 替换 customer. # p; `4 F5 V2 }" j n# Y
15. overwhelmingly, exceedingly, extremely, intensely 替换 very.
0 ?2 q0 M9 D! ^# ]6 I& ]16. hardly necessary, hardly inevitable…替换 unnecessary, avoidable.
2 f' I9 K1 k7 L+ n( G17. indispensable 替换 necessary. & a+ `8 q( s, S3 L' \$ U* [# \
18. sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in. & }& r5 w; H/ W. I
19. capture one's attention 替换 attract one's attention.
' G$ v+ E2 r/ y" m5 t" K20. facet, demension, sphere 替换 aspet. 2 K8 k0 O2 h) m1 I8 g. U
21. be indicative of, be suggestive of, be fearful of 替换 indicate,suggest, fear.
6 T) \$ d6 k4 V' a6 z22. give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换 cause. 7 A% J; o6 o: e+ k
23. There are several reasons behind sth 替换…reasons for sth.
) F+ m$ M& f; r; }4 [, }' ] H24. desire 替换 want. 6 h. |5 U. i0 r! z
25. pour attention into 替换 pay attention to. 6 \# _7 ^9 F) f, f" u, Z
26. bear in mind that 替换 remember. ; p; L% r/ y/ `3 [& g' Z6 p" A
27. enjoy, possess 替换 have（注意process是过程的意思）。 ; z, W% Q f5 I! k
28. interaction 替换 communication. . b7 Z- p; _% \: Q5 k6 K+ H5 R
29. frown on sth 替换 be against , disagree with sth . - N$ R7 E. I3 h2 a0 w: h$ M
30. as an example 替换 for example, for instance. & ^: J6 Q' \" ~5 N7 A
31. next to / virtually impossible 替换 nearly / almost impossible.
- H$ B& p& G& _. h e32. regarding / concerning 替换 about. ! ?$ j2 c/ @2 b
33. crucial /paramount 替换 important. 6 _) L9 N5 {# F, ^( R+ ]4 O
34. 第一（in the first place/the first and foremost）；第二（there is one more point, I should touch on, that…）；第三（the last but not the least）. $ i+ [3 U8 {" z! q$ P
35. assiduous 替换 hard-working. ( Y$ m ]/ o% s( O8 ?4 P
36. arduous 替换 difficult. 2 E0 s! y4 |2 Q O. z! {3 i, y; T
37. underdeveloped / financially-challenged 替换poor（因为poor通常含有贬义）.
2 E4 _: N {- E8 ?( s38. demonstrate / manifest 替换 show.
2 _0 u# m' o; Y( ]39. invariably 替换 always. 3 ~7 s# C8 c9 @; |
40. perilous / hazardous替换 dangerous.
3 w! u0 M1 o& i! o$ K+ r) v& _41. formidable 替换 difficult.
. A0 Y/ s8 [9 b' e% Q3 M- x42. quintessential 替换 typical（举例时常用，例如：a quintessential example should be cited that=for example; for instance）.
" g1 N3 _" m5 f" Q$ O# x43. distinguished 替换 famous. 5 n' T5 W+ F+ M- h
44. feasible 替换 possible.
/ o: H; l% g* H0 J0 t" a" [45. consequently, accordingly替换 so.
- m. n; A) _* V46. 通常，由数据推断出一定的结论，用Results indicate, infer, suggest, imply that…… / K7 {7 c8 y- f/ J
47. 最常见的引述别人观点的词汇 Much of the research in sexual selection in the last two decades has examined how a female’s preference that does not influence her immediate reproductive success can still evolve if it is genetically correlated with another character under direct selection.(不要每次写到研究时总用study，可以用些其它的词汇，比如examine，work。) ) g( |+ J4 m% G% r
Two hypotheses for female preference evolution—runaway sexual selection and good genes selection—state that preferences evolve indirectly because they are genetically correlated with male traits that are under direct selection; that is, the preferences themselves are not under direct selection.(在引述别人的观点时，如果不能完全同意，使用state 比show更加中立些。) - T4 f: a: r. `8 S5 K2 Q
Studies of receiver biases suggest that such analogies might not be broadly applicable.(suggest,又一种较为客观的引述观点的表达方法。)
7 v4 k" r+ u$ w8 ?. k- iBurley argued that the preference for red beaks is adaptive because it indicates male health, and this preference is then transferred to leg-band color.(argue,引用别人观点的又一表述。)
# I1 J& ]' e9 j0 V4 f+ L+ b8 ^) AAccording to the anti-monotony hypothesis, habituation plays an important role in the evolution of complex vocalizations in songbirds: Increased song complexity reduces habituation of neighboring males and courting females.(根据…) 1 b4 }1 }# R6 ^" z2 g+ [
Previous studies of acoustic and bioluminescent interactions had emphasized potential advantages to group-signaling organization, such as minimizing predation, preserving species-specific signal characters, or increasing the attractiveness of the group.(带有小小的强调)
4 z" k5 p. F; V- N48.常见的连接词有，However, also, in addition, consequently, afterwards, moreover, Furthermore, further, although, unlike, in contrast, Similarly, Unfortunately, alternatively, parallel results, In order to, despite, For example, Compared with, other results, thus, therefore……用好连接词能使文章层次清楚，意思明确。比如，叙述有时间顺序的事件或文献，最早的文献可用AA advocated it for the first time.接下来可用Then BB further demonstrated that. 再接下来，可用Afterwards, CC……如果还有，可用More recent studies by DD…… [; Q; ^$ `3 c
来源：丁香园
$ A; w, [1 X; Z0 o | 
发表于 2015-4-30 10:43:59
