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1. individuals, characters, folks 替换 people , persons. 2. positive, favorable, rosy, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior 替换 good. 9 d5 K' U) | ]. _ L" b+ t& e/ v
3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill 替换 bad（如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换。） 6 Z3 g- @# E: K# ?: O ^9 k& S$ ]
4. an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of, if not most 替换 many. , @( b0 Q' P3 i* w( G9 a
5. a slice of, quiet a few 替换 some.
# t E; ^2 w0 K& e" x& r. u5 [! c+ ~6. harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that 替换 think。
8 `2 a7 g/ F' ]$ I) w8 @6 z7. affair, business, matter 替换 thing. 8 }/ M$ W9 h' k9 R% b% j8 _( k$ j
8. shared 替换 common .
: h5 T: x0 k9 q+ M* M# D9. reap huge fruits 替换 get many benefits. v; U; e/ G2 M: l; P1 G
10. for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion. # P! m/ S8 F4 S! T
11. Increasing(ly), growing 替换 more and more（注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.）
3 I9 q, c2 V* ]: A12. little if anything或little or nothing 替换 hardly.
6 o! J- X. O9 K- n) K; S13. beneficial, rewarding 替换 helpful. * k) u- n0 p& T4 x2 h
14. shopper, client, consumer, purchaser 替换 customer. U/ ?$ b0 ?3 U( e0 A X; `0 m; ?4 ?
15. overwhelmingly, exceedingly, extremely, intensely 替换 very. ' t# U1 w/ q7 M! f7 ~1 }$ T4 }, N
16. hardly necessary, hardly inevitable…替换 unnecessary, avoidable. 3 t1 L$ p. y' S0 a2 ^0 w
17. indispensable 替换 necessary. : j p& I/ p1 c* M1 R* e4 W
18. sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in. . h% Y# y& ]* p- ]
19. capture one's attention 替换 attract one's attention.
% s: f# E0 i7 K; o20. facet, demension, sphere 替换 aspet. # Z! F3 \# |& N, @
21. be indicative of, be suggestive of, be fearful of 替换 indicate,suggest, fear.
' ^7 L0 d. ]7 W- e22. give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换 cause. $ \) C1 C7 ]5 a( K3 z& ^( w
23. There are several reasons behind sth 替换…reasons for sth. ' A- z( A* m' \# E. X/ s& }
24. desire 替换 want.
4 Z6 ?+ [3 V3 B, Y4 T( T6 m25. pour attention into 替换 pay attention to.
9 K9 n& r. a c5 w! i' ?% L4 e, y26. bear in mind that 替换 remember.
9 L' a! h- G. w- y27. enjoy, possess 替换 have（注意process是过程的意思）。 - a: O5 `3 R: r9 v
28. interaction 替换 communication. 8 Q7 v- f$ x1 g" D
29. frown on sth 替换 be against , disagree with sth .
3 u* G i; n, z6 t9 y9 r30. as an example 替换 for example, for instance.
6 W ~+ u% r7 T3 {/ n31. next to / virtually impossible 替换 nearly / almost impossible. ) F5 x- i1 B$ l9 F
32. regarding / concerning 替换 about. * d( M, Z' t+ A) N* h# b0 T2 y# u6 ~
33. crucial /paramount 替换 important. , U' G& u( j* ]3 a* ~; R
34. 第一（in the first place/the first and foremost）；第二（there is one more point, I should touch on, that…）；第三（the last but not the least）. 7 W" D2 y2 j) c
35. assiduous 替换 hard-working. ( ]8 n% z* t' V2 E9 t
36. arduous 替换 difficult.
: y4 u' s& m- u& \! Q37. underdeveloped / financially-challenged 替换poor（因为poor通常含有贬义）. 6 ~9 K6 G8 E) i* ~6 |
38. demonstrate / manifest 替换 show. # k4 }2 A; d# P, U" L
39. invariably 替换 always.
8 W( B( a9 d9 k. D, }& H40. perilous / hazardous替换 dangerous. 4 k' ^+ ~1 D2 v: S: S
41. formidable 替换 difficult.
4 `0 k3 @) Y n* s% s42. quintessential 替换 typical（举例时常用，例如：a quintessential example should be cited that=for example; for instance）. ' {/ k% s4 @$ M( E
43. distinguished 替换 famous.
. P- K5 f& j5 H% G: C44. feasible 替换 possible.
, o2 c5 T o# P1 m& S% U45. consequently, accordingly替换 so.
0 R# p2 h7 ^# E3 a( S46. 通常，由数据推断出一定的结论，用Results indicate, infer, suggest, imply that…… ; }6 b! i, y8 o3 Q y( S5 t
47. 最常见的引述别人观点的词汇 Much of the research in sexual selection in the last two decades has examined how a female’s preference that does not influence her immediate reproductive success can still evolve if it is genetically correlated with another character under direct selection.(不要每次写到研究时总用study，可以用些其它的词汇，比如examine，work。)
/ Y: h# ?3 q/ p5 ^' D& HTwo hypotheses for female preference evolution—runaway sexual selection and good genes selection—state that preferences evolve indirectly because they are genetically correlated with male traits that are under direct selection; that is, the preferences themselves are not under direct selection.(在引述别人的观点时，如果不能完全同意，使用state 比show更加中立些。)
# S7 n0 I7 u/ p1 W: NStudies of receiver biases suggest that such analogies might not be broadly applicable.(suggest,又一种较为客观的引述观点的表达方法。) , u$ W' E! r8 U* p2 C2 `+ j: L
Burley argued that the preference for red beaks is adaptive because it indicates male health, and this preference is then transferred to leg-band color.(argue,引用别人观点的又一表述。)
) c7 z) t4 h) [5 c/ O/ M( E* w5 nAccording to the anti-monotony hypothesis, habituation plays an important role in the evolution of complex vocalizations in songbirds: Increased song complexity reduces habituation of neighboring males and courting females.(根据…)
& z5 C X8 R$ O2 |! H9 D4 ]0 I5 LPrevious studies of acoustic and bioluminescent interactions had emphasized potential advantages to group-signaling organization, such as minimizing predation, preserving species-specific signal characters, or increasing the attractiveness of the group.(带有小小的强调) ' c& |0 X8 u" R0 ]8 [
48.常见的连接词有，However, also, in addition, consequently, afterwards, moreover, Furthermore, further, although, unlike, in contrast, Similarly, Unfortunately, alternatively, parallel results, In order to, despite, For example, Compared with, other results, thus, therefore……用好连接词能使文章层次清楚，意思明确。比如，叙述有时间顺序的事件或文献，最早的文献可用AA advocated it for the first time.接下来可用Then BB further demonstrated that. 再接下来，可用Afterwards, CC……如果还有，可用More recent studies by DD…… - \. H& K) ^9 d+ r! I6 h2 }
来源：丁香园 * \2 C$ v) \# G9 z! N6 G* k8 E# ^
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发表于 2015-4-30 10:43:59
