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1. individuals, characters, folks 替换 people , persons. 2. positive, favorable, rosy, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior 替换 good. 6 U1 K# I4 i0 u# }/ s i9 x1 g. d
3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill 替换 bad（如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换。） 2 s5 _2 k+ N; z8 o+ N6 U
4. an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of, if not most 替换 many. 8 ~3 |* h3 ^+ X. U2 r3 c2 B( I9 @
5. a slice of, quiet a few 替换 some. , k& |2 f8 B/ } k
6. harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that 替换 think。 : b/ E: f$ x/ _4 N, e7 X/ ~9 h
7. affair, business, matter 替换 thing. , K0 b+ X) J1 {+ n& A
8. shared 替换 common .
# e, J \8 P+ j8 T6 S; `' P1 q9. reap huge fruits 替换 get many benefits.
7 q6 r5 i) e$ m. N: P* r10. for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion. ) @% s4 a R- [
11. Increasing(ly), growing 替换 more and more（注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.） 0 L5 m$ G8 b" i& D8 O
12. little if anything或little or nothing 替换 hardly.
! X7 {; T9 D& N4 d13. beneficial, rewarding 替换 helpful.
7 @7 y* Z* d$ q. r1 v6 b0 X14. shopper, client, consumer, purchaser 替换 customer. # S2 |* g3 i6 \* M. M7 v
15. overwhelmingly, exceedingly, extremely, intensely 替换 very.
p% t: M7 j/ k6 b: M9 U' w5 ?16. hardly necessary, hardly inevitable…替换 unnecessary, avoidable.
t, Q; w' m6 O17. indispensable 替换 necessary. % i6 h' ]8 g9 f% e1 w7 F
18. sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in. 3 F2 l7 A7 } f8 W1 J! H
19. capture one's attention 替换 attract one's attention. / d& P. {, ~ a: c( d" x
20. facet, demension, sphere 替换 aspet.
4 V* a1 g& Y/ W) Z [; A& H21. be indicative of, be suggestive of, be fearful of 替换 indicate,suggest, fear. . z6 N5 v8 d& i) U6 W$ v; z0 I
22. give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换 cause. & l8 x' `* y" ~
23. There are several reasons behind sth 替换…reasons for sth.
3 M! p5 U Y% |1 e) M/ [7 W24. desire 替换 want.
% B% q6 r7 x; `* V5 Y1 N25. pour attention into 替换 pay attention to. , |/ v; u4 n: L \9 |3 R/ }1 X
26. bear in mind that 替换 remember.
7 P0 E6 f* I5 y9 g/ ~1 Z5 T' A27. enjoy, possess 替换 have（注意process是过程的意思）。
C8 A1 ^/ |3 `& `# ]28. interaction 替换 communication. 8 K9 P8 H4 l- N/ G ]& O' x
29. frown on sth 替换 be against , disagree with sth . * b" U8 l% E4 O( ?) M) m
30. as an example 替换 for example, for instance.
v, A. r( W0 z% l1 C; P5 J, [0 y1 ^31. next to / virtually impossible 替换 nearly / almost impossible.
+ e! R8 e/ V+ ~32. regarding / concerning 替换 about. 4 K- E( ~* {# Y
33. crucial /paramount 替换 important.
8 X( T# u: y1 L. q8 z! w7 z34. 第一（in the first place/the first and foremost）；第二（there is one more point, I should touch on, that…）；第三（the last but not the least）. 0 Z E' I8 ~, D/ u* x+ |
35. assiduous 替换 hard-working. / R3 }' u% J8 z
36. arduous 替换 difficult. & Y; Z' v8 T# R. s
37. underdeveloped / financially-challenged 替换poor（因为poor通常含有贬义）. ! R# a/ j2 J4 L3 _
38. demonstrate / manifest 替换 show. + E& A0 E) |' @% y
39. invariably 替换 always.
9 c+ v( _3 }7 S3 X+ N! H40. perilous / hazardous替换 dangerous. 5 q) F) q. d% T; Q0 F/ K. D1 u/ @
41. formidable 替换 difficult.
. q3 u4 z2 X3 a( m% W/ S8 A42. quintessential 替换 typical（举例时常用，例如：a quintessential example should be cited that=for example; for instance）.
* s$ F8 m# T( J" L' t43. distinguished 替换 famous. % P$ ^+ [- b# V0 B4 }. O8 Y
44. feasible 替换 possible. * P2 v; S$ f0 K3 ]1 E: ^; T+ G" j9 x
45. consequently, accordingly替换 so.
1 Q* u5 O2 [$ M% k+ a) _& v) f46. 通常，由数据推断出一定的结论，用Results indicate, infer, suggest, imply that…… ; |3 h+ S; v( ^$ I: t
47. 最常见的引述别人观点的词汇 Much of the research in sexual selection in the last two decades has examined how a female’s preference that does not influence her immediate reproductive success can still evolve if it is genetically correlated with another character under direct selection.(不要每次写到研究时总用study，可以用些其它的词汇，比如examine，work。)
& w# s! ~2 j$ v# K* fTwo hypotheses for female preference evolution—runaway sexual selection and good genes selection—state that preferences evolve indirectly because they are genetically correlated with male traits that are under direct selection; that is, the preferences themselves are not under direct selection.(在引述别人的观点时，如果不能完全同意，使用state 比show更加中立些。)
7 t+ j3 s& X( O" h( H) W3 K3 V& nStudies of receiver biases suggest that such analogies might not be broadly applicable.(suggest,又一种较为客观的引述观点的表达方法。)
0 G8 U" V7 h$ xBurley argued that the preference for red beaks is adaptive because it indicates male health, and this preference is then transferred to leg-band color.(argue,引用别人观点的又一表述。) * h/ a& I& \$ G+ G3 o. ?
According to the anti-monotony hypothesis, habituation plays an important role in the evolution of complex vocalizations in songbirds: Increased song complexity reduces habituation of neighboring males and courting females.(根据…) 0 n) ?/ `7 Y% O
Previous studies of acoustic and bioluminescent interactions had emphasized potential advantages to group-signaling organization, such as minimizing predation, preserving species-specific signal characters, or increasing the attractiveness of the group.(带有小小的强调) / Q# p7 t8 `4 {' O4 [4 G
48.常见的连接词有，However, also, in addition, consequently, afterwards, moreover, Furthermore, further, although, unlike, in contrast, Similarly, Unfortunately, alternatively, parallel results, In order to, despite, For example, Compared with, other results, thus, therefore……用好连接词能使文章层次清楚，意思明确。比如，叙述有时间顺序的事件或文献，最早的文献可用AA advocated it for the first time.接下来可用Then BB further demonstrated that. 再接下来，可用Afterwards, CC……如果还有，可用More recent studies by DD…… " e- F; U0 ?0 N' |* O: g/ u
来源：丁香园 4 O: }% e( t; r/ }5 s
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发表于 2015-4-30 10:43:59
